Shi Ke, Chen Yuhong, Zhu Xinyue, Wu Jiali, Chen Jieqiong, Hu Jing, Sun Xiaodong, Zhang Jingfa
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Hai Ning Road, 200080, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.
Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2022 Jul 6;14(1):94. doi: 10.1186/s13098-022-00860-7.
Foods have a considerable influence on human health and were directly related to glycemic control for diabetes patients. However, little is known about the effects of biscuits, a traditional food consumed in large amounts in several countries, on diabetic retinopathy. This study aimed to explore the association between biscuit consumption and diabetic retinopathy prevalence in adults of the United States population.
A cross-sectional study with 1904 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database were included in this population-based, cross-sectional study. The association between different consumption frequencies of biscuit and diabetic retinopathy prevalence was evaluated using a binary logistic regression model. Trend test, stratified and interaction analyses were also performed.
After possible confounders including sex, age, ethnicity, education, marital status, family poverty income ratio, smoking and alcohol consumption habit, fasting blood glucose level, hemoglobin A1c level, diagnosis of diabetes, insulin use, blood pressure, body mass index were adjusted, the participants who consumed biscuit 1-11 times a year, 1-3 times a month, and more than once a week had a 139.8% (95% confidence interval, 1.003-5.734), 182.1% (95% confidence interval, 1.106-7.191), and 236.2% (95% confidence interval, 1.335-9.844) higher risk of diabetic retinopathy prevalence, respectively, compared with those who never ate biscuit. For male, non-Hispanic, and overweight (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m) subgroups, the trend test demonstrated that the diabetic retinopathy prevalence significantly elevated with increased frequency of biscuit consumption (P = 0.021, 0.009, and 0.002, respectively). The interaction analysis suggested that no aforementioned confounders played an interactive role in the relationship between biscuit consumption and diabetic retinopathy prevalence.
The risk of diabetic retinopathy was positively associated with biscuit consumption. Moreover, for male, non-Hispanic, or overweight individuals, the risk of diabetic retinopathy significantly increased with the frequency of biscuit consumption.
食物对人类健康有重大影响，且与糖尿病患者的血糖控制直接相关。然而，对于饼干（一种在多个国家大量消费的传统食品）对糖尿病视网膜病变的影响知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨美国成年人群中饼干摄入量与糖尿病视网膜病变患病率之间的关联。
本基于人群的横断面研究纳入了来自国家健康与营养检查调查数据库的1904名参与者。使用二元逻辑回归模型评估饼干不同消费频率与糖尿病视网膜病变患病率之间的关联。还进行了趋势检验、分层分析和交互作用分析。
在对包括性别、年龄、种族、教育程度、婚姻状况、家庭贫困收入比、吸烟和饮酒习惯、空腹血糖水平、糖化血红蛋白水平、糖尿病诊断、胰岛素使用、血压、体重指数等可能的混杂因素进行调整后，与从未食用饼干的参与者相比，每年食用饼干1 - 11次、每月食用1 - 3次以及每周食用超过一次的参与者患糖尿病视网膜病变的风险分别高出139.8%（95%置信区间，1.003 - 5.734）、182.1%（95%置信区间，1.106 - 7.191）和236.2%（95%置信区间，1.335 - 9.844）。对于男性、非西班牙裔和超重（体重指数≥25kg/m²）亚组，趋势检验表明糖尿病视网膜病变患病率随饼干消费频率的增加而显著升高（P值分别为0.021、0.009和0.002）。交互作用分析表明，上述混杂因素在饼干消费与糖尿病视网膜病变患病率之间的关系中均未发挥交互作用。
糖尿病视网膜病变的风险与饼干消费呈正相关。此外，对于男性、非西班牙裔或超重个体，糖尿病视网膜病变的风险随饼干消费频率的增加而显著增加。
