Farid Huma, Hasan Sana Jalil, Naveed Ayesha, Hyder Pakiza Raza, Shaikh Gul Muhammad, Pasha Lubna
Department of Operative Dentistry, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Department of Health Professions' Education and Post Graduate Studies, CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan.
J Dent Educ. 2022 Dec;86(12):1591-1601. doi: 10.1002/jdd.13031. Epub 2022 Jul 6.
The objectives of this study were to assess the extent of incivility and perception of dental students and faculty regarding uncivil behaviors in the online learning environment.
Incivility in online environment (IOLE) survey was used to collect data from dental students (n = 232) and faculty (n = 35) at Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from September to December 2021. A 4- point Likert scale was used for respondents to indicate their perceptions regarding incivility in IOLE, and a list of students' and faculty's uncivil behaviors. Descriptive analysis, chi-square test, and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. The level of significance was kept at ≤0.05.
The majority of the students reported online incivility as either "a moderate or serious problem" (n = 103, 72.0%), and the majority of faculty (n = 12, 56%) reported incivility as "no to a mild problem" (p = 0.018). Both students and faculty agreed that students are more likely to engage in uncivil behavior in OLE as compared to faculty. Various forms of rude/threatening comments and posting ambiguous or vague responses that do not add meaning to the online discussion were considered uncivil student behaviors by both students and faculty (p ≤ 0.05). Assigning grades without providing useful feedback and threatening to fail students for not complying with faculty's demands were perceived as uncivil faculty behaviors (p ≤ 0.05). Female students and students with less self-reported expertise in online learning had greater mean scores for faculty uncivil behaviors (p ≤ 0.05).
Incivility exists in OLE in dentistry with the more likely engagement of students in uncivil behaviors. With the increasing use of online platforms for education in dentistry, there is a need for further research and training courses for both students and faculty to reduce the extent of incivility and create a healthy and conducive learning environment.
本研究的目的是评估在在线学习环境中，牙科学生和教师遭遇无礼行为的程度以及他们对无礼行为的认知。
2021年9月至12月，采用在线环境无礼行为（IOLE）调查问卷，收集了巴基斯坦拉瓦尔品第马尔加拉健康科学研究所232名牙科学生和35名教师的数据。使用4点李克特量表让受访者表明他们对IOLE中无礼行为的看法，以及一份学生和教师无礼行为的清单。采用描述性分析、卡方检验和斯皮尔曼相关系数进行数据分析。显著性水平设定为≤0.05。
大多数学生将在线无礼行为报告为“中度或严重问题”（n = 103，72.0%），而大多数教师（n = 12，56%）将无礼行为报告为“无至轻度问题”（p = 0.018）。学生和教师都认为，与教师相比，学生在在线学习环境中更有可能做出无礼行为。学生和教师都认为，各种形式的粗鲁/威胁性评论以及发布模糊或含混不清、对在线讨论无意义的回复属于学生的无礼行为（p≤0.05）。不提供有用反馈就打分以及以不遵守教师要求为由威胁让学生不及格被视为教师的无礼行为（p≤0.05）。在教师无礼行为方面，女生以及自称在线学习专业知识较少的学生平均得分更高（p≤0.05）。
牙科在线学习环境中存在无礼行为，学生更有可能做出无礼行为。随着牙科教育中在线平台使用的增加，需要针对学生和教师开展进一步研究和培训课程，以减少无礼行为的程度，营造健康有益的学习环境。
