Kim Ian T, Farb Claudia, Hou Mian, Prasad Sunanda, Talley Elyse, Cook Savannah, Campese Vincent D
Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States.
Behavioral and Neural Sciences Graduate Program, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ, United States.
Front Behav Neurosci. 2022 Jun 20;16:879168. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.879168. eCollection 2022.
Three studies provide evidence that the central nucleus of the amygdala, a structure with a well-established role in conditioned freezing, is also required for conditioned facilitation of instrumental avoidance in rats. First, the immediate early gene c-Fos was measured following the presentation of a previously shock-paired tone in subjects trained either on an unsignaled avoidance task or not (in addition to tone only presentations in naïve controls). Significantly elevated expression of c-Fos was found in both the avoidance trained and Pavlovian trained conditions relative to naïve controls (but with no difference between the two trained conditions). In a subsequent study, intracranial infusions of muscimol into the central amygdala significantly attenuated the facilitation of shock-avoidance by a shock-paired Pavlovian cue relative to pre-operative responding. The final study used a virogenetic approach to inhibit the central amygdala prior to testing. This treatment eliminated the transfer of motivational control over shock-avoidance by both a shock-paired Pavlovian stimulus, as well as a cue paired with a perceptually distinct aversive event (i.e., klaxon). These findings provide compelling support for a role of central amygdala in producing aversive Pavlovian-instrumental transfer.
三项研究提供了证据，表明杏仁核中央核在条件性僵立中已确立其作用，在大鼠的条件性工具性回避促进中也发挥着作用。首先，在接受无信号回避任务训练或未接受训练的受试者（以及仅对单纯的音调进行呈现的未训练对照组）中，在呈现先前与电击配对的音调后，测量即刻早期基因c-Fos。相对于未训练对照组，在回避训练组和巴甫洛夫训练组中均发现c-Fos的表达显著升高（但两种训练组之间无差异）。在随后的一项研究中，相对于术前反应，向杏仁核中央核颅内注射蝇蕈醇显著减弱了电击配对的巴甫洛夫线索对电击回避的促进作用。最后一项研究在测试前采用病毒遗传学方法抑制杏仁核中央核。这种处理消除了电击配对的巴甫洛夫刺激以及与感知上不同的厌恶事件（即喇叭声）配对的线索对电击回避的动机控制转移。这些发现为杏仁核中央核在产生厌恶的巴甫洛夫-工具性转移中的作用提供了有力支持。
