Paśko Paweł, Kryczyk-Kozioł Jadwiga, Zagrodzki Paweł, Prochownik Ewelina, Ziomek Martyna, Lauterbach Ryszard, Huras Hubert, Staśkiewicz Magdalena, Dobrowolska-Iwanek Justyna
Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital, Kopernika 23, 31-501 Cracow, Poland.
Nutrients. 2025 Apr 20;17(8):1386. doi: 10.3390/nu17081386.
Breast milk is the most important nutrition for newborns. Growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and nerve growth factor (NGF) are among its components that play pivotal roles in neonatal development, immune system priming, and gastrointestinal maturation. This study examined the effects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), maternal hypothyroidism, and method of delivery on the concentrations of these factors in colostrum collected at three distinct postpartum time points.
A group of 39 women was included, 20 of whom gave birth vaginally, whereas caesarean section was performed in 19 patients. A total of 18 volunteers were diagnosed with GDM, and 17 suffered from hypothyroidism. Colostrum samples were collected from the volunteers in the first 3 days after birth under hospital conditions. Growth factors like IGF-1, EGF, NGF, and TGF-β were measured in the samples using commercial immunoenzymatic assays.
No significant differences were observed in the values of these parameters between the groups of women (with GDM or hypothyroidism and healthy, as well as giving birth naturally and by caesarean section). In addition, the growth factors exhibited good stability within the first few postpartum days (CVs for all studied parameters: in the range of 0.7-5.0%).
The pregnancy disorders that were properly controlled and treated by specialists appeared not to affect the levels of the analyzed growth factors-just like the type of delivery and the day of colostrum collection.
母乳是新生儿最重要的营养来源。胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-1）、表皮生长因子（EGF）、转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）和神经生长因子（NGF）等生长因子是母乳的组成部分，在新生儿发育、免疫系统启动和胃肠道成熟过程中发挥着关键作用。本研究考察了妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）、母体甲状腺功能减退以及分娩方式对产后三个不同时间点采集的初乳中这些因子浓度的影响。
纳入39名女性，其中20名经阴道分娩，19名接受剖宫产。共有18名志愿者被诊断为GDM，17名患有甲状腺功能减退。在医院条件下，于出生后前3天从志愿者处采集初乳样本。使用商业免疫酶法检测样本中的IGF-1、EGF、NGF和TGF-β等生长因子。
在不同组别的女性（患有GDM或甲状腺功能减退以及健康女性，以及自然分娩和剖宫产女性）之间，这些参数的值未观察到显著差异。此外，生长因子在产后最初几天内表现出良好的稳定性（所有研究参数的变异系数：在0.7%-5.0%范围内）。
经专科医生妥善控制和治疗的妊娠疾病似乎不会影响所分析生长因子的水平——就像分娩方式和初乳采集日一样。
