Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Front Immunol. 2022 Jun 20;13:920210. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.920210. eCollection 2022.
In this prospective observational cohort study we analyzed cellular and serological immune response parameters against SARS-CoV-2 and current variants of concern (VOC) in 147 COVID-19-convalescent and 39 COVID-19-naïve individuals before and after BNT162b2 booster vaccination. No significant differences regarding immunological response parameters were observed between younger and older individuals. Booster vaccination induced full recovery of both cellular and serological response parameters including IFN-γ secretion and anti-spike antibody titers with strong neutralization capacities against wild type SARS-COV-2 and Delta. Surprisingly, even serological neutralization capacity against Omicron was detectable one month after second vaccination and four months before it had been first observed in South Africa. As a result, more than 90% of convalescent individuals exhibited detectable and 75% strong Omicron neutralization capacity after booster vaccination, compared with 72% and 46% of COVID-19-naïve individuals. Our results support the notion that broad and cross-reactive immune memory against SARS-CoV-2 including currently known VOCs can be established by booster vaccination with spike-based mRNA vaccines like BNT162b2, particularly in COVID-19-convalescent individuals of all ages. Nevertheless, especially in COVID-19-naïve individuals future variants escaping the memory immune response may require vaccine approaches such as , which include all antigenic components of the virus.
在这项前瞻性观察队列研究中，我们分析了 147 名 COVID-19 康复患者和 39 名 COVID-19 初治患者在接受 BNT162b2 加强针接种前后针对 SARS-CoV-2 和当前关注变异株（VOC）的细胞和血清免疫反应参数。在年轻和老年个体之间，免疫反应参数没有显著差异。加强针接种诱导了细胞和血清反应参数的完全恢复，包括 IFN-γ 分泌和抗刺突抗体滴度，具有针对野生型 SARS-COV-2 和 Delta 的强大中和能力。令人惊讶的是，即使是针对奥密克戎的血清中和能力，在第二次接种后一个月即可检测到，而在南非首次发现奥密克戎之前四个月就已经可以检测到。结果，与 COVID-19 初治个体相比，加强针接种后，超过 90%的康复个体表现出可检测到的、75%的针对奥密克戎的强中和能力，而 COVID-19 初治个体的这一比例分别为 72%和 46%。我们的研究结果支持了这样一种观点，即基于 Spike 的 mRNA 疫苗如 BNT162b2 可通过加强针接种来建立针对 SARS-CoV-2 包括当前已知 VOC 的广泛和交叉反应性免疫记忆，尤其是在所有年龄段的 COVID-19 康复患者中。然而，特别是在 COVID-19 初治个体中，未来逃避记忆免疫反应的变异株可能需要像 这样的疫苗接种方法，该方法包括病毒的所有抗原成分。
