Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.
Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
Mol Neurobiol. 2022 Sep;59(9):5785-5808. doi: 10.1007/s12035-022-02941-0. Epub 2022 Jul 7.
Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) are a class of independently transcribed molecules longer than 200 nucleotides that do not overlap known protein-coding genes. LincRNAs have diverse roles in gene expression and participate in a spectrum of biological processes. Dysregulation of lincRNA expression can abrogate cellular homeostasis, cell differentiation, and development and can also deregulate the immune and nervous systems. A growing body of literature indicates their important and multifaceted roles in the pathogenesis of several different diseases. Furthermore, certain lincRNAs can be considered potential therapeutic targets and valuable diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers capable of predicting the onset of a disease, its degree of activity, or the progression phase. In this review, we discuss possible mechanisms and molecular functions of lincRNAs in the pathogenesis of selected autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders: multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This summary can provide new ideas for future research, diagnosis, and treatment of these highly prevalent and devastating diseases.
长链非编码 RNA（lincRNAs）是一类独立转录的分子，长度超过 200 个核苷酸，不与已知的蛋白质编码基因重叠。lincRNAs 在基因表达中具有多种作用，并参与一系列生物学过程。lincRNA 表达的失调会破坏细胞内稳态、细胞分化和发育，并可能使免疫和神经系统失调。越来越多的文献表明它们在多种不同疾病的发病机制中具有重要的、多方面的作用。此外，某些 lincRNAs 可以被认为是有潜力的治疗靶点，也是有价值的诊断或预后生物标志物，能够预测疾病的发作、其活动程度或进展阶段。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 lincRNAs 在几种自身免疫性和神经退行性疾病（多发性硬化症、类风湿性关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮、干燥综合征、亨廷顿病、帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病和肌萎缩侧索硬化症）发病机制中的可能机制和分子功能。这一总结可以为这些高度流行和毁灭性疾病的未来研究、诊断和治疗提供新的思路。
