Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Department of Education, Practice and Society, University College London Institute of Education, London, UK.
J Adolesc. 2022 Aug;94(6):880-891. doi: 10.1002/jad.12071. Epub 2022 Jul 7.
Ugandan adolescent girls and young women are disproportionately impacted by human immunodeficiency virus, and this is largely driven by their engagement in transactional sex. Globally, parent-daughter communication about sex is associated with increased contraceptive use and delayed/decreased sexual activity, but research on parent-daughter communication about transactional sex is lacking. This paper elucidates local perspectives on, and experiences of parent-daughter communication about sex and transactional sex, to inform family-level comprehensive sexuality education interventions.
We conducted a secondary, thematic analysis of 13 focus group discussions (n = 119) and 30 in-depth interviews collected between 2014 and 2015 with adolescent girls and young women aged 14+, and men and women in Kampala and Masaka.
We found that parents used three approaches to discuss sex and transactional sex with their daughters: (1) frightening their daughters into avoiding sex; (2) being "strict"; and (3) relying on mothers rather than fathers to "counsel" daughters. Mother-daughter communication about transactional sex was common, but frequently unidirectional. Adolescent girls and young women bringing home gifts sparked conversations about the risks of transactional sex, although less in poorer households. Mothers felt they lacked control over their daughters' sexual behaviors and thus restricted their movements and friendships to try to prevent them from having sex. In contrast to previous research, we found some evidence of mothers encouraging condom use and father-daughter communication about sex.
Family-level comprehensive sexuality education interventions targeting parent-daughter communication about sex could further highlight the role that fathers might play, and emphasize communication about the inequitable power dynamics in transactional sex and condom negotiation skills, while reducing fear surrounding parent-daughter communication.
乌干达的少女和年轻女性受到艾滋病毒的影响不成比例，这主要是由于她们从事交易性性行为。在全球范围内，父母与女儿就性问题进行沟通与增加避孕措施的使用以及延迟/减少性活动有关，但关于父母与女儿就交易性性行为进行沟通的研究却很少。本文阐述了当地对父母与女儿就性和交易性性行为进行沟通的看法和经验，以指导家庭层面的全面性教育干预措施。
我们对 2014 年至 2015 年期间在坎帕拉和马萨卡收集的 13 个焦点小组讨论（n=119）和 30 个深度访谈进行了二次主题分析，参与者是 14 岁以上的少女和年轻女性以及男性和女性。
我们发现父母有三种方法与女儿讨论性和交易性性行为：（1）吓唬女儿避免性行为；（2）“严格”；（3）依靠母亲而不是父亲“劝导”女儿。母亲与女儿就交易性性行为进行沟通很常见，但往往是单向的。少女和年轻女性带回家礼物会引发关于交易性性行为风险的对话，尽管在较贫困的家庭中这种情况较少。母亲们觉得她们对女儿的性行为缺乏控制，因此限制了女儿的行动和交友，以试图阻止她们发生性行为。与之前的研究不同，我们发现了一些证据表明母亲鼓励使用避孕套，以及父亲与女儿就性问题进行沟通。
针对父母与女儿就性问题进行沟通的家庭层面的全面性教育干预措施，可以进一步强调父亲可能发挥的作用，并强调交易性性行为中不平等权力动态以及避孕套谈判技巧的沟通，同时减少对父母与女儿沟通的恐惧。
