de Oliveira Alessandra M R C B, Yu Peiqiang
Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada.
Anim Biosci. 2023 Feb;36(2):256-263. doi: 10.5713/ab.22.0077. Epub 2022 Jun 30.
Feed molecular structures can affect its availability to gastrointestinal enzymes which impact its digestibility and absorption. The molecular spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared vibrational spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) is an advanced technique that measures the absorbance of chemical functional groups on the infrared region so that we can identify and quantify molecules and functional groups in a feed. The program aimed to reveal the association of intrinsic molecular structure with nutrient supply to animals from canola feedstocks and co-products from bio-oil processing. The objective of this study was to characterize special intrinsic carbohydrate and protein-related molecular structure spectral profiles of feedstock and co-products (meal and pellets) from bio-oil processing from two source origins: Canada (CA) and China (CH).
The samples of feedstock and co-products were obtained from five different companies in each country arranged by the Canola Council of Canada (CCC). The molecular structure spectral features were analyzed using advanced vibrational molecular spectroscopy-ATR-FTIR. The spectral features that accessed included: i) protein-related spectral features (Amide I, Amide II, α-helix, β-sheet, and their spectral intensity ratios), ii) carbohydrate-related spectral features (TC1, TC2, TC3, TC4, CEC, STC1, STC2, STC3, STC4, TC, and their spectral intensity ratios).
The results showed that significant differences were observed on all vibrationally spectral features related to total carbohydrates, structural carbohydrates, and cellulosic compounds (p<0.05), except spectral features of TC2 and STC1 (p>0.05) of co-products, where CH meals presented higher peaks of these structures than CA. Similarly, it was for the carbohydrate-related molecular structure of canola seeds where the difference between CA and CH occurred except for STC3 height, CEC and STC areas (p>0.05). The protein-related molecular structures were similar for the canola seeds from both countries. However, CH meals presented higher peaks of amide I, α-helix, and β-sheet heights, α-helix:β-sheet ratio, total amide and amide I areas (p<0.05).
The principal component analysis was able to explain over 90% of the variabilities in the carbohydrate and protein structures although it was not able to separate the samples from the two countries, indicating feedstock and coproducts interrelationship between CH and CA.
饲料的分子结构会影响其对胃肠道酶的可利用性，进而影响其消化率和吸收率。分子光谱——衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外振动光谱（ATR-FTIR）是一种先进技术，可测量化学官能团在红外区域的吸光度，从而使我们能够识别和量化饲料中的分子和官能团。该项目旨在揭示油菜籽原料和生物油加工副产品中内在分子结构与动物营养供应之间的关联。本研究的目的是表征来自加拿大（CA）和中国（CH）两个产地的生物油加工原料和副产品（粕和颗粒）中特殊的内在碳水化合物和蛋白质相关分子结构光谱特征。
原料和副产品样品由加拿大油菜籽协会（CCC）从每个国家的五家不同公司获取。使用先进的振动分子光谱——ATR-FTIR分析分子结构光谱特征。所分析的光谱特征包括：i）蛋白质相关光谱特征（酰胺I、酰胺II、α-螺旋、β-折叠及其光谱强度比），ii）碳水化合物相关光谱特征（TC1、TC2、TC3、TC4、CEC、STC1、STC2、STC3、STC4、TC及其光谱强度比）。
结果表明，与总碳水化合物、结构性碳水化合物和纤维素化合物相关的所有振动光谱特征均存在显著差异（p<0.05），但副产品的TC2和STC1光谱特征除外（p>0.05），其中中国粕中这些结构的峰值高于加拿大。同样，油菜籽碳水化合物相关分子结构中，除STC3高度、CEC和STC面积外（p>0.05），加拿大和中国之间也存在差异。两国油菜籽的蛋白质相关分子结构相似。然而，中国粕中酰胺I、α-螺旋和β-折叠高度、α-螺旋：β-折叠比、总酰胺和酰胺I面积的峰值更高（p<0.05）。
主成分分析能够解释碳水化合物和蛋白质结构中超过90%的变异性，尽管它无法区分来自两个国家的样品，这表明中国和加拿大的原料与副产品之间存在相互关系。
