Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Tehran, Iran; School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea.
Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Tehran, Iran.
Chemosphere. 2022 Nov;306:135578. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135578. Epub 2022 Jul 4.
Overexpression of proteins/antigens and other gene-related sequences in the bodies could lead to significant mutations and refractory diseases. Detection and identification of assorted trace concentrations of such proteins/antigens and/or gene-related sequences remain challenging, affecting different pathogens and making viruses stronger. Correspondingly, coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) mutations/alterations and spread could lead to overexpression of ssDNA and the related antigens in the population and brisk activity in gene-editing technologies in the treatment/detection may lead to the presence of pCRISPR in the blood. Therefore, the detection and evaluation of their trace concentrations are of critical importance. CaZnO-based nanoghosts (NGs) were synthesized with the assistance of a high-gravity technique at a 1,800 MHz field, capitalizing on the use of Rosmarinus officinalis leaf extract as the templating agent. A complete chemical, physical and biological investigation revealed that the synthesized NGs presented similar morphological features to the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), resulting in excellent biocompatibility, interaction with ssDNA- and/or pCRISPR-surface, through various chemical and physical mechanisms. This comprise the unprecedented synthesis of a fully inorganic nanostructure with behavior that is similar to MSCs. Furthermore, the endowed exceptional ability of inorganic NGs for detective sensing/folding of ssDNA and pCRISPR and recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen (RSCSA), along with in-situ hydrogen peroxide detection on the HEK-293 and HeLa cell lines, was discerned. On average, they displayed a high drug loading capacity of 55%, and the acceptable internalizations inside the HT-29 cell lines affirmed the anticipated MSCs-like behavior of these inorganic-NGs.
蛋白质/抗原和其他基因相关序列在体内的过度表达可能导致显著的突变和难治性疾病。检测和鉴定各种痕量浓度的此类蛋白质/抗原和/或基因相关序列仍然具有挑战性，影响不同的病原体，并使病毒更强大。相应地，冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）的突变/改变和传播可能导致人群中 ssDNA 的过度表达和相关抗原，以及基因编辑技术在治疗/检测中的快速活动可能导致血液中存在 pCRISPR。因此，检测和评估它们的痕量浓度至关重要。在 1800 MHz 场的高重力技术的辅助下，合成了基于 CaZnO 的纳米幽灵（NGs），利用迷迭香叶提取物作为模板剂。全面的化学、物理和生物学研究表明，合成的 NGs 呈现出与间充质干细胞（MSCs）相似的形态特征，从而表现出优异的生物相容性，通过各种化学和物理机制与 ssDNA 和/或 pCRISPR 表面相互作用。这包括以前所未有的方式合成了一种完全无机的纳米结构，其行为类似于 MSCs。此外，赋予无机 NGs 检测 ssDNA 和 pCRISPR 以及重组 SARS-CoV-2 刺突抗原（RSCSA）的折叠以及在 HEK-293 和 HeLa 细胞系中检测原位过氧化氢的特殊能力。平均而言，它们表现出 55%的高载药能力，并且在 HT-29 细胞系中的可接受的内化证实了这些无机-NGs 预期的 MSCs 样行为。
