Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 999077, PR China.
Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 999077, PR China.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Sep 1;308:119712. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119712. Epub 2022 Jul 4.
Rice and vegetables cultivated in naturally arsenic (As) endemic areas are the substantial source of As body loading for persons using safe drinking water. However, tracing As intake, particularly from rice and vegetables by biomarker analysis, has been poorly addressed. This field investigation was conducted to trace the As transfer pathway and measure health risk associated with consuming As enriched rice and vegetables. Purposively selected 100 farmers from five sub-districts of Chandpur, Bangladesh fulfilling specific requirements constituted the subjects of this study. A total of 100 Irrigation water, soils, rice, and vegetable samples were collected from those farmers' who donated scalp hair. Socio-demographic and food consumption data were collected face to face through questionnaire administration. The mean As level in irrigation water, soils, rice, vegetables, and scalp hairs exceeded the acceptable limit, while As content was significant at 0.1%, 5%, 0.1%, 1%, and 0.1% probability levels, respectively, in all five locations. Arsenic in scalp hair is significantly (p ≤ 0.01) correlated with that in rice and vegetables. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) for rice and vegetables is less than one and significant at a 1% probability level. The average daily intake (ADI) is higher than the RfD limit for As. Both grains and vegetables have an HQ (hazard quotient) > 1. Maximum incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) showed 2.8 per 100 people and 1.6 per 1000 people are at considerable and threshold risk, respectively. However, proteinaceous and nutritious food consumption might have kept the participants asymptomatic. The PCA analysis showed that the first principle component (PC1) explains 91.1% of the total variance dominated by As in irrigation water, grain, and vegetables. The dendrogram shows greater variations in similarity in rice and vegetables As, while the latter has been found to contribute more to human body loading compared to grain As.
在自然砷（As）流行地区种植的水稻和蔬菜是人体摄入砷的主要来源，即使人们使用了安全饮用水。然而，通过生物标志物分析来追踪砷的摄入量，特别是从水稻和蔬菜中的摄入量，一直没有得到很好的解决。本现场调查旨在追踪砷的转移途径，并测量食用富含砷的水稻和蔬菜相关的健康风险。从孟加拉国钱德普尔五个分区中挑选了 100 名符合特定要求的农民作为研究对象。从这些愿意捐献头发样本的农民那里共采集了 100 份灌溉用水、土壤、水稻和蔬菜样本。通过面对面的问卷调查收集了社会人口统计学和食物消费数据。所有五个地点的灌溉用水、土壤、水稻、蔬菜和头发中的砷含量均值均超过了可接受的限度，且砷含量分别在 0.1%、5%、0.1%、1%和 0.1%的概率水平上具有显著性差异。头发中的砷与水稻和蔬菜中的砷显著相关（p≤0.01）。水稻和蔬菜的生物浓缩系数（BCF）小于 1，在 1%的概率水平上具有显著性。平均日摄入量（ADI）高于砷的 RfD 限量。谷物和蔬菜的 HQ（危害商数）均大于 1。最大增量终生癌症风险（ILCR）显示每 100 人中有 2.8 人，每 1000 人中有 1.6 人处于相当大的和阈值风险。然而，高蛋白和营养丰富的食物摄入可能使参与者没有出现症状。PCA 分析显示，第一主成分（PC1）解释了总方差的 91.1%，主要由灌溉水中、谷物和蔬菜中的砷决定。树状图显示了水稻和蔬菜中砷的相似性变化较大，而后者对人体负荷的贡献比谷物中的砷更大。
