Rehman Zahir Ur, Khan Sardar, Qin Kun, Brusseau Mark L, Shah Mohammad Tahir, Din Islamud
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
Sci Total Environ. 2016 Apr 15;550:321-329. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.094. Epub 2016 Jan 25.
Human exposures to arsenic (As) through different pathways (dietary and non-dietary) are considered to be one of the primary worldwide environmental health risks to humans. This study was conducted to investigate the presence of As in soil and vegetable samples collected from agricultural lands located in selected southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Province, Pakistan. We examined the concentrations of total arsenic (TAs), organic species of As such as monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsonic acid (DMA), and inorganic species including arsenite (AsIII) and arsenate (AsV) in both soil and vegetables. The data were used to determine several parameters to evaluate human health risk, including bioconcentration factor (BCF) from soil to plant, average daily intake (ADI), health risk index (HRI), incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILTCR), and hazard quotient (HQ). The total As concentration in soil samples of the five districts ranged from 3.0-3.9mgkg(-1), exhibiting minimal variations from site to site. The mean As concentration in edible portions of vegetable samples ranged from 0.03-1.38mgkg(-1). It was observed that As concentrations in 75% of the vegetable samples exceeded the safe maximum allowable limit (0.1mgkg(-1)) set by WHO/FAO. The highest value of ADI for As was measured for Momordica charantia, while the lowest was for Allium chinense. The results of this study revealed minimal health risk (HI<1) associated with consumption of vegetables for the local inhabitants. The ILTCR values for inorganic As indicated a minimal potential cancer risk through ingestion of vegetables. In addition, the HQ values for total As were <1, indicating minimal non-cancer risk.
人类通过不同途径（饮食和非饮食途径）接触砷被认为是全球人类面临的主要环境健康风险之一。本研究旨在调查从巴基斯坦开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省（KPK）选定南部地区的农田采集的土壤和蔬菜样本中砷的存在情况。我们检测了土壤和蔬菜中总砷（TAs）、砷的有机形态如一甲基胂酸（MMA）和二甲基胂酸（DMA）以及无机形态包括亚砷酸盐（AsIII）和砷酸盐（AsV）的浓度。这些数据用于确定几个评估人类健康风险的参数，包括从土壤到植物的生物富集系数（BCF）、平均每日摄入量（ADI）、健康风险指数（HRI）、终生增量癌症风险（ILTCR）和危害商数（HQ）。五个地区土壤样本中的总砷浓度范围为3.0 - 3.9mg/kg(-1)，各地点之间变化极小。蔬菜样本可食用部分的平均砷浓度范围为0.03 - 1.38mg/kg(-1)。据观察，75%的蔬菜样本中的砷浓度超过了世界卫生组织/联合国粮农组织设定的安全最大允许限量（0.1mg/kg(-1)）。苦瓜的砷ADI最高值，而韭菜的最低。本研究结果表明，当地居民食用蔬菜所带来的健康风险极小（HI<1）。无机砷的ILTCR值表明通过食用蔬菜导致的潜在癌症风险极小。此外，总砷的HQ值<1，表明非癌症风险极小。
