Agroscope, Division of Agroecology and Environment, Plant-Soil Interactions Group, Zürich, Switzerland.
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Nat Ecol Evol. 2022 Aug;6(8):1145-1154. doi: 10.1038/s41559-022-01799-8. Epub 2022 Jul 7.
Phosphorus (P) acquisition is key for plant growth. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) help plants acquire P from soil. Understanding which factors drive AMF-supported nutrient uptake is essential to develop more sustainable agroecosystems. Here we collected soils from 150 cereal fields and 60 non-cropped grassland sites across a 3,000 km trans-European gradient. In a greenhouse experiment, we tested the ability of AMF in these soils to forage for the radioisotope P from a hyphal compartment. AMF communities in grassland soils were much more efficient in acquiring P and transferred 64% more P to plants compared with AMF in cropland soils. Fungicide application best explained hyphal P transfer in cropland soils. The use of fungicides and subsequent decline in AMF richness in croplands reduced P uptake by 43%. Our results suggest that land-use intensity and fungicide use are major deterrents to the functioning and natural nutrient uptake capacity of AMF in agroecosystems.
磷（P）的获取对植物生长至关重要。丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）有助于植物从土壤中获取 P。了解哪些因素驱动 AMF 支持的养分吸收对于开发更可持续的农业生态系统至关重要。在这里，我们从跨越 3000 公里的跨欧梯度的 150 个谷物田和 60 个非耕地草地收集了土壤。在温室实验中，我们测试了这些土壤中 AMF 从菌丝体隔室中觅食放射性同位素 P 的能力。与农田土壤中的 AMF 相比，草地土壤中的 AMF 群落更有效地获取 P，并将 64%更多的 P 转移到植物中。杀菌剂的应用最能解释农田土壤中的菌丝体 P 转移。杀菌剂的使用以及随后在农田中 AMF 丰富度的下降，使 P 的吸收减少了 43%。我们的研究结果表明，土地利用强度和杀菌剂的使用是农业生态系统中 AMF 功能和自然养分吸收能力的主要障碍。
