Fellner Andreas, Mueller Anna, Bresgen Nikolaus, Fefer Michael, Liu Jun, Plaetzer Kristjan
Laboratory of Photodynamic Inactivation of Microorganisms, Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
Working Group for Stress Physiology, Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
Pest Manag Sci. 2025 Aug;81(8):4450-4462. doi: 10.1002/ps.8802. Epub 2025 Apr 9.
Drosophila suzukii is an invasive pest causing high losses of agricultural crops. Conventional treatment strategies are considered problematic for their high risk of inducing resistance and environmental harm. Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI) is based on the photosensitizer-mediated and light-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species. Natural and food-grade photosensitizers, such as the food additive sodium magnesium chlorophyllin (Chl, E140), have been proven effective against microbial pathogens and several agricultural pests. The aim of this study is to assess whether the principle of Chl-based PDI of D. suzukii could be transferred from laboratory towards practical conditions.
We prove that D. suzukii is photokilled after feeding on 5 mM Chl with 3% sucrose (98.4% median moribundity, 9 h drug to light interval, 78.9 J/cm radiant exposure). Therefore, aspects of environmental safety and practical feasibility were assessed, using streamlined variations of the same assay: the required photosensitizer concentration could be reduced to 0.5 mM Chl (90.1% median moribundity 6 days after 315.6 J/cm illumination with LEDs). Chl was photoactivable with sunlight (92.5% median moribundity, 6 days after 294.5 J/cm and 1 mM Chl). Offering alternative food lures did not impair this effect. Photobleaching rendered Chl non-toxic (2.5% median moribundity after bleaching Chl with 78.9 J/cm with subsequent illumination using 157.8 J/cm). Furthermore, fluorescence microscopy of Chl-fed flies confirmed Chl accumulation in the flies' intestines.
Our findings demonstrate that Chl-based PDI could be harnessed as a safe and effective alternative for the management of D. suzukii pests. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
铃木果蝇是一种入侵性害虫，会给农作物造成巨大损失。传统的防治策略因诱导抗性和环境危害风险高而被认为存在问题。光动力灭活（PDI）基于光敏剂介导的、依赖光的活性氧生成。天然和食品级光敏剂，如食品添加剂叶绿素铜钠盐（Chl，E140），已被证明对微生物病原体和几种农业害虫有效。本研究的目的是评估基于Chl的铃木果蝇PDI原理是否可以从实验室转移到实际应用中。
我们证明，铃木果蝇取食含5 mM Chl的3%蔗糖后会被光杀死（中位濒死率98.4%，药物与光照间隔9小时，辐照剂量78.9 J/cm²）。因此，使用相同试验的简化变体评估了环境安全性和实际可行性：所需的光敏剂浓度可降至0.5 mM Chl（用LED以315.6 J/cm²照射6天后中位濒死率90.1%）。Chl可被阳光光激活（294.5 J/cm²和1 mM Chl照射6天后中位濒死率92.5%）。提供替代食物诱饵不会削弱这种效果。光漂白使Chl无毒（用78.9 J/cm²对Chl进行漂白，随后用157.8 J/cm²照射后中位濒死率2.5%）。此外，对取食Chl的果蝇进行荧光显微镜检查证实Chl在果蝇肠道中积累。
我们的研究结果表明，基于Chl的PDI可作为一种安全有效的替代方法用于管理铃木果蝇害虫。© 2025作者。由John Wiley & Sons Ltd代表化学工业协会出版的《害虫管理科学》。
