Evans L, Wasielewski P
Accid Anal Prev. 1987 Apr;19(2):119-31. doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(87)90031-5.
This work was performed to determine relations between car mass and driver injuries (serious or fatal) when cars of similar mass crash into each other head-on. This type of crash is examined because it is considered similar in some respects to a barrier crash. Data from the United States Fatal Accident Reporting System (FARS) are used to examine driver fatality likelihood as a function of car mass when cars of similar mass crash into each other. Pedestrian fatalities involving cars of the same mass are used to estimate exposure. Two additional sources of data (State data from North Carolina and New York) are used to generate information on the number of drivers seriously injured or killed per police reported crash when cars of similar mass crash into each other. The present study finds that the likelihood of driver injury (fatal or serious) when cars of similar mass crash into each other increases with decreasing car mass, both for head-on crashes and for crashes in all directions. The study does not address possible mechanisms that might lead to such relations. All the data analyzed reveal a fairly consistent picture--a driver in a 900 kg car crashing head-on into another 900 kg car is about 2.0 times as likely to be seriously injured or killed as is a driver of a 1800 kg car crashing head-on into another 1800 kg car.
开展这项工作是为了确定当质量相近的汽车正面碰撞时，汽车质量与驾驶员受伤（重伤或致命）之间的关系。之所以研究这种类型的碰撞，是因为它在某些方面被认为与撞向障碍物的碰撞相似。利用美国致命事故报告系统（FARS）的数据，研究当质量相近的汽车相互碰撞时，驾驶员死亡可能性与汽车质量之间的函数关系。涉及相同质量汽车的行人死亡数据用于估计暴露情况。另外两个数据源（北卡罗来纳州和纽约州的数据）用于生成关于当质量相近的汽车相互碰撞时，每次警方报告的碰撞中重伤或死亡驾驶员数量的信息。本研究发现，当质量相近的汽车相互碰撞时，无论是正面碰撞还是全方位碰撞，驾驶员受伤（致命或重伤）的可能性都随着汽车质量的降低而增加。该研究未探讨可能导致这种关系的潜在机制。所有分析的数据都呈现出相当一致的情况——一辆900千克的汽车与另一辆900千克的汽车正面碰撞时，驾驶员受重伤或死亡的可能性大约是一辆1800千克的汽车与另一辆1800千克的汽车正面碰撞时驾驶员的2.0倍。
