Zador P L, Ciccone M A
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Arlington, Va. 22201.
Am J Public Health. 1993 May;83(5):661-6. doi: 10.2105/ajph.83.5.661.
The effectiveness of air bags was estimated in this study by comparing driver fatalities in frontal crashes with driver fatalities in nonfrontal crashes, for cars with air bags and manual belts and cars with manual belts only.
Fatal Accident Reporting System data for drivers fatally injured during 1985 to 1991 in 1985 to 1991 model year cars that were equipped with air bags in or before model year 1991 were analyzed.
Driver fatalities in frontal crashes in air bag cars were 28% lower than those in comparable cars with manual belts only. This percentage was used for estimating the overall fatality reduction in air bag cars. The reduction was greater in large cars (50%) than in midsize cars (19%) or in small cars (14%). Air bags reduced driver fatalities in frontal crashes involving ejection by about 9%. Fatalities in frontal crashes among drivers who were reportedly using manual belts at the time of the crash were reduced by about 15%. The comparable reduction among drivers who were reportedly not using manual belts was 31%.
It was estimated that air bags reduced the total number of all driver fatalities by about 19%.
本研究通过比较配备安全气囊和手动安全带的汽车与仅配备手动安全带的汽车在正面碰撞和非正面碰撞中的驾驶员死亡情况，评估安全气囊的有效性。
分析了1985至1991年车型的汽车中，在1985年至1991年期间因事故致命受伤的驾驶员的致命事故报告系统数据，这些汽车在1991年或之前配备了安全气囊。
配备安全气囊的汽车在正面碰撞中的驾驶员死亡人数比仅配备手动安全带的类似汽车低28%。该百分比用于估计配备安全气囊的汽车总体死亡人数的减少情况。大型汽车的减少幅度更大（50%），中型汽车（19%）和小型汽车（14%）的减少幅度较小。安全气囊使涉及弹出的正面碰撞中的驾驶员死亡人数减少了约9%。据报道，在碰撞时使用手动安全带的驾驶员在正面碰撞中的死亡人数减少了约15%。据报道，未使用手动安全带的驾驶员中的相应减少幅度为31%。
据估计，安全气囊使所有驾驶员死亡总数减少了约19%。
