Munkong Narongsuk, Lonan Piyanuch, Mueangchang Wirinya, Yadyookai Narissara, Kanjoo Vaiphot, Yoysungnoen Bhornprom
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand.
Traditional Chinese Medicine Program, School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand.
Foods. 2022 Jun 24;11(13):1865. doi: 10.3390/foods11131865.
Red rice bran extract (RRBE) has been reported to have the potential for in vitro metabolic modulation and anti-inflammatory properties. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of these potentials in adipose tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo anti-adipogenic, anti-hypertrophic, and anti-inflammatory activities of RRBE and its major bioactive compounds in mice. After six weeks of consuming either a low-fat diet or a high-fat diet (HFD), 32 mice with initial body weights of 20.76 ± 0.24 g were randomly divided into four groups; the four groups were fed a low-fat diet, a HFD, a HFD plus 0.5 g/kg of RRBE, or a HFD plus 1 g/kg of RRBE, respectively. The 6-week treatment using RRBE reduced HFD-induced adipocyte hypertrophy, lipid accumulation, and inflammation in intra-abdominal epididymal white adipose tissue (p < 0.05) without causing significant changes in body and adipose tissue weight, which reductions were accompanied by the down-regulated expression of adipogenic and lipid metabolism genes, including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, and hormone-sensitive lipase (p < 0.05), as well as inflammatory genes, including macrophage marker F4/80, nuclear factor-kappa B p65, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (p < 0.05), in adipose tissue. Furthermore, RRBE significantly decreased serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels (p < 0.05). Bioactive compound analyses revealed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins in these extracts. Collectively, this study demonstrates that RRBE effectively attenuates HFD-induced pathological adipose tissue remodeling by suppressing adipogenesis, lipid dysmetabolism, and inflammation. Therefore, RRBE may emerge as one of the alternative food products to be used against obesity-associated adipose tissue dysfunction.
据报道，红米糠提取物（RRBE）具有体外代谢调节和抗炎特性的潜力。然而，对于这些潜力在脂肪组织中的分子机制知之甚少。本研究旨在评估RRBE及其主要生物活性化合物在小鼠体内的抗脂肪生成、抗肥大和抗炎活性。在食用低脂饮食或高脂饮食（HFD）六周后，将32只初始体重为20.76±0.24 g的小鼠随机分为四组；四组分别喂食低脂饮食、HFD、HFD加0.5 g/kg RRBE或HFD加1 g/kg RRBE。使用RRBE进行的6周治疗减少了HFD诱导的腹腔附睾白色脂肪组织中的脂肪细胞肥大、脂质积累和炎症（p<0.05），而不会引起体重和脂肪组织重量的显著变化，这些减少伴随着脂肪生成和脂质代谢基因（包括CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白-α、固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1c和激素敏感性脂肪酶）表达的下调（p<0.05），以及脂肪组织中炎症基因（包括巨噬细胞标志物F4/80、核因子-κB p65、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1、肿瘤坏死因子-α和诱导型一氧化氮合酶）表达的下调（p<0.05）。此外，RRBE显著降低了血清肿瘤坏死因子-α水平（p<0.05）。生物活性化合物分析表明这些提取物中存在酚类、黄酮类、花青素和原花青素。总体而言，本研究表明RRBE通过抑制脂肪生成、脂质代谢紊乱和炎症，有效减轻了HFD诱导的病理性脂肪组织重塑。因此，RRBE可能成为对抗肥胖相关脂肪组织功能障碍的替代食品之一。
