Staros Rafał, Michalak Agata, Rusinek Kinga, Mucha Krzysztof, Pojda Zygmunt, Zagożdżon Radosław
Department of Immunology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Regenerative Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland.
Cancers (Basel). 2022 Jun 26;14(13):3126. doi: 10.3390/cancers14133126.
In a living organism, cancer cells function in a specific microenvironment, where they exchange numerous physical and biochemical cues with other cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Immune evasion is a clinically relevant phenomenon, in which cancer cells are able to direct this interchange of signals against the immune effector cells and to generate an immunosuppressive environment favoring their own survival. A proper understanding of this phenomenon is substantial for generating more successful anticancer therapies. However, classical cell culture systems are unable to sufficiently recapture the dynamic nature and complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) to be of satisfactory use for comprehensive studies on mechanisms of tumor immune evasion. In turn, 3D-bioprinting is a rapidly evolving manufacture technique, in which it is possible to generate finely detailed structures comprised of multiple cell types and biomaterials serving as ECM-analogues. In this review, we focus on currently used 3D-bioprinting techniques, their applications in the TME research, and potential uses of 3D-bioprinting in modeling of tumor immune evasion and response to immunotherapies.
在活的生物体中，癌细胞在特定的微环境中发挥作用，在这个微环境里，它们与其他细胞以及周围的细胞外基质（ECM）交换大量的物理和生化信号。免疫逃逸是一种与临床相关的现象，在这种现象中，癌细胞能够针对免疫效应细胞引导这种信号交换，并产生有利于自身存活的免疫抑制环境。正确理解这一现象对于开发更成功的抗癌疗法至关重要。然而，传统的细胞培养系统无法充分重现肿瘤微环境（TME）的动态特性和复杂性，难以令人满意地用于肿瘤免疫逃逸机制的全面研究。反过来，3D生物打印是一种快速发展的制造技术，利用这种技术可以生成由多种细胞类型和充当ECM类似物的生物材料组成的精细结构。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注当前使用的3D生物打印技术、它们在TME研究中的应用，以及3D生物打印在肿瘤免疫逃逸建模和免疫治疗反应方面的潜在用途。
