Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania.
Faculty of Sciences and Environment, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 23;19(13):7672. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19137672.
A sense of balance is required in sports activities, conditioning the quality of movements and physical performance. (1) The purpose of the study is to investigate the influence of gender and the specificity of sports activities on body balance. The investigated participants are 157 students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports/Bachelor’s degree: 109 men (age = 20.49 ± 2.03, body mass index, BMI = 22.96 ± 3.20), and 48 women (age = 20.21 ± 1.51, BMI = 21.05 ± 2.78). (2) Design: Cross-sectional study, with the definition of the variables gender and sport activity with three stages (non-athletes/NA, team sports games/TSG, and individual sports/IS). The evaluation was based on four dynamic balance tests (Bass test/points, Functional reach test/cm, Fukuda test/degrees of rotation, and Walk and turn field sobriety test/errors) and three static balance tests (Flamingo test/falls, Stork test, and One-leg standing test with eyes closed/s). (3) Results: The variance analysis (multivariate and univariate tests) indicates the superiority of women in most tests applied, but with significantly better values (p < 0.05) only for the Flamingo test and Bass test. Men have superior results only for vestibular stability (Fukuda test) and One-leg standing test, but it is statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). The TSG group has slightly better values than the IS group for the whole set of tests conducted, but these are not statistically significant (p > 0.05), so we cannot highlight the certain superiority of TSG practitioners over those involved in IS. Both the TSG and the IS group outperformed all tests compared to the NA group, with significant differences (p < 0.05), especially for the TSG. Conclusion: Women have better values than men on most tests, and performance sports students have higher average scores than those in the NA group, which demonstrates the beneficial influence of specific training on static and dynamic postural stability.
平衡感是体育运动所必需的，它能调节运动质量和身体表现。（1）本研究的目的是探讨性别和运动项目的特异性对身体平衡的影响。研究对象为体育教育与运动学院的 157 名学生（学士学位）：109 名男性（年龄=20.49±2.03，体重指数，BMI=22.96±3.20）和 48 名女性（年龄=20.21±1.51，BMI=21.05±2.78）。（2）设计：横断面研究，定义变量性别和运动项目有三个阶段（非运动员/NA、团体运动项目/TSG 和个人运动项目/IS）。评估基于四项动态平衡测试（巴斯测试/点数、功能性伸展测试/cm、福田测试/旋转度数和走和转场地清醒测试/错误）和三项静态平衡测试（火烈鸟测试/跌倒、鹳式测试和闭眼单腿站立测试/s）。（3）结果：方差分析（多变量和单变量测试）表明，女性在大多数应用测试中表现更优，但只有在火烈鸟测试和巴斯测试中具有显著更好的数值（p<0.05）。男性仅在前庭稳定性（福田测试）和闭眼单腿站立测试中具有较好的成绩，但无统计学意义（p>0.05）。与 IS 组相比，TSG 组在整个测试中略好，但无统计学意义（p>0.05），因此我们不能强调 TSG 运动员相对于 IS 运动员的一定优势。与 NA 组相比，TSG 和 IS 组在所有测试中都表现出色，且具有显著差异（p<0.05），尤其是 TSG。结论：女性在大多数测试中表现优于男性，运动项目学生的平均成绩高于非运动员组，这表明专项训练对静态和动态姿势稳定性有有益的影响。
