Anatolian High School, Kecioren Osmangazi, Ankara, Turkey.
Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sport on Disabilities, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
Ir J Med Sci. 2024 Apr;193(2):1091-1098. doi: 10.1007/s11845-023-03492-6. Epub 2023 Aug 22.
It is known that balance is affected in hearing-impaired athletes and its effects on performance. However, studies on the reliability and validity of scales evaluating balance are insufficient.
To analyze and demonstrate the effectiveness of various clinical tests using assessment balance for hearing-impaired athletes.
The study included 60 elite athletes (aged between 18 and 25) with (n = 30) and without (n = 30) hearing impairment. The static balance was evaluated with the Flamingo Test (FT) and the dynamic balance with the Functional Reach Test (FRT), Four-Step Square Test (FSST), Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), and Y Balance Test (YBT). All balance tests were repeated at 1-week intervals. Test-retest reliability, known-group validity, and predictive validity of the scales were investigated.
All balancing tests demonstrated strong test-retest reliability. FT and FSST had known-group and predictive validity. While FRT and the components of both YBT and SEBT involving anterior reaching were not valid tests for hearing-impaired individuals, YBT and SEBT had validity considering the composite score and other components.
It was revealed that the balance of hearing-impaired athletes was comparable to the balance of healthy athletes in test conditions in which visual information could be used effectively. For this reason, it is important to consider the visual information factor when evaluating the balance of hearing-impaired athletes. Additionally, taking into account time and tiredness, FT for static balance and FSST for dynamic balance may be helpful to evaluate hearing-impaired athletes.
已知听力受损运动员的平衡能力会受到影响，进而影响其运动表现。然而，评估平衡能力的量表的可靠性和有效性研究还不够充分。
分析和展示使用评估平衡的各种临床测试对听力受损运动员的有效性。
该研究纳入了 60 名年龄在 18 至 25 岁之间的精英运动员（n=30 名听力受损运动员和 n=30 名听力正常运动员）。使用 Flamingo 测试（FT）评估静态平衡，使用功能性伸展测试（FRT）、四步方步测试（FSST）、星形伸展平衡测试（SEBT）和 Y 平衡测试（YBT）评估动态平衡。所有平衡测试均在 1 周的间隔内重复进行。研究了量表的测试-重测信度、已知组有效性和预测有效性。
所有平衡测试均表现出较强的测试-重测信度。FT 和 FSST 具有已知组和预测有效性。而 FRT 和 YBT 和 SEBT 的前向伸展成分均不是听力受损个体的有效测试，而 YBT 和 SEBT 的综合评分和其他成分具有有效性。
研究结果表明，在可以有效利用视觉信息的测试条件下，听力受损运动员的平衡能力与健康运动员的平衡能力相当。因此，在评估听力受损运动员的平衡能力时，考虑视觉信息因素很重要。此外，考虑到时间和疲劳因素，静态平衡的 FT 和动态平衡的 FSST 可能有助于评估听力受损运动员。
