The Xanthophyll Carotenoid Lutein Reduces the Invasive Potential of and Increases Its Susceptibility to Tobramycin.

Recently, the xanthophyll carotenoid lutein has been qualified as a potential quorum sensing (QS) and biofilm inhibitor against To address the potential of this xanthophyll compound as a relevant antivirulence agent, we investigated in depth its impact on the invasion capabilities and aggressiveness of PAO1, which rely on the bacterial ability to build and maintain protective barriers, use different types of motilities and release myriad virulence factors, leading to host cell and tissue damages. Our data, obtained on the PAO1 strain, indicate that all- lutein (Lut; 22 µM) disrupts biofilm formation and disorganizes established biofilm structure without affecting bacterial viability, while improving the bactericidal activity of tobramycin against biofilm-encapsulated PAO1 cells. Furthermore, this xanthophyll affects PAO1 twitching and swarming motilities while reducing the production of the extracellular virulence factors pyocyanin, elastase and rhamnolipids as well as the expression of the QS-regulated and genes without inhibiting the QS-independent gene. Interestingly, the expression of the QS regulators / and / is significantly reduced as well as that of the global virulence factor regulator , which is suggested to be a major target of Lut. Finally, an oxidative metabolite of Lut, 3'-dehydrolutein, induces a similar inhibition phenotype. Taken together, lutein-type compounds represent potential agents to control the invasive ability and antibiotic resistance of .