Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl, Bitrán Nachary 1305, La Serena 1720236, Chile.
Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
Molecules. 2022 Jun 29;27(13):4166. doi: 10.3390/molecules27134166.
The extraction of bioactive compounds from fruits, such as lemon, has gained relevance because these compounds have beneficial properties for health, such as antioxidant and anticancer properties; however, the extraction method can significantly affect these properties. High hydrostatic pressure and ultrasound, as emerging extraction methods, constitute an alternative to conventional extraction, improving extractability and obtaining extracts rich in bioactive compounds. Therefore, lemon extracts (LEs) were obtained by conventional (orbital shaking), ultrasound-assisted, and high-hydrostatic-pressure extraction. Extracts were then microencapsulated with maltodextrin at 10% (M10), 20% (M20), and 30% (M30). The impact of microencapsulation on LEs physicochemical properties, phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC) and relative bio-accessibility (RB) was evaluated. M30 promoted a higher microencapsulation efficiency for TPC and TFC, and a longer time required for microcapsules to dissolve in water, as moisture content, water activity and hygroscopicity decreased. The RBs of TPC and TFC were higher in microcapsules with M30, and lower when conventional extraction was used. The data suggest that microencapsulated LE is promising as it protects the bioactivity of phenolic compounds. In addition, this freeze-dried product can be utilized as a functional ingredient for food or supplement formulations.
从水果（如柠檬）中提取生物活性化合物已经变得很重要，因为这些化合物对健康具有有益的特性，如抗氧化和抗癌特性；然而，提取方法会显著影响这些特性。高静压和超声波作为新兴的提取方法，为传统提取提供了替代方法，可以提高提取率，并获得富含生物活性化合物的提取物。因此，采用常规（轨道摇床）、超声辅助和高静压提取法从柠檬中提取提取物（LE）。然后，用麦芽糊精将提取物微囊化，浓度分别为 10%（M10）、20%（M20）和 30%（M30）。评估了微囊化对 LE 的物理化学性质、总酚（TPC）、总黄酮（TFC）和相对生物可及性（RB）的影响。M30 提高了 TPC 和 TFC 的微囊化效率，同时也延长了微胶囊在水中的溶解时间，因为水分含量、水分活度和吸湿性降低。M30 微胶囊中的 TPC 和 TFC 的 RB 较高，而采用常规提取方法时则较低。数据表明，微囊化的 LE 具有保护酚类化合物生物活性的潜力。此外，这种冷冻干燥产品可用作食品或补充剂配方的功能性成分。
