Therapeutic Effect of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Extract against Oral Candidiasis: In Vitro and In Vivo Study.

Oral candidiasis (OC) is a fungal infection caused by an opportunistic fungi , which is found in the normal flora of healthy people. In this study, we examined the anti- effect of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of (EG-AgNPs) against in vitro and in vivo. EG-AgNPs were synthesized for the first time using extract and characterized by imaging (transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-VIS spectroscopy, zeta potential, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A mouse model of OC was used for in vivo study. The agar well diffusion method showed the anti- activity of EG-AgNPs against with MIC 50 µg/mL. EG-AgNPs inhibited the dimorphic transition of and suppressed the formation of biofilm by 56.36% and 52%, respectively. Additionally, EG-AgNPs significantly inhibited the production of phospholipases and proteinases by 30% and 45%, respectively. EG-AgNPs cause cytoplasm disintegration and deterioration of cell wall as imaged by SEM and TEM. Interestingly, EG-AgNPs did not display any cytotoxicity on the human gingival fibroblast-1 HGF-1 cell line at MIC concentrations. Topical treatment of the tongue of the OC mouse model with EG-AgNPs showed significant reduction in candidal tissue invasion, less inflammatory changes, and no tissue modification, in association with marked low scare and hyphal counts as compared to control group. In conclusion, our data demonstrated the potent inhibitory action of EG-AgNPs on the growth and morphogenesis of in vitro and in vivo. Thus, EG-AgNPs represent a novel plausible therapeutic approach for treatment of OC.