Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico.
Nutrients. 2022 Jun 27;14(13):2660. doi: 10.3390/nu14132660.
Food selectivity (FS) in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is common, and its impact on a nutritional level is known. However, the etiology of gastrointestinal disorders (GID) related to alterations in the intestinal microbiota in children with ASD remains unclear. This article provides a narrative review of the literature on FS from the last 15 years, and its relationship with GID in children with ASD. Sensory aversion in ASD leads to food elimination, based on consistencies, preferences, and other sensory issues. The restriction of food groups that modulate the gut microbiota, such as fruits and vegetables, as well as the fibers of some cereals, triggers an intestinal dysbiosis with increased abundance in Enterobacteriaceae, Salmonella Escherichia/Shigella, and Clostridium XIVa, which, together with an aberrant immune response and a leaky gut, may trigger GID. It is observed that FS can be the product of previous GID. GID could provide information to generate a hypothesis of the bidirectional relationship between FS and GID. Emphasis is placed on the need for more studies with methodological rigor in selecting children with ASD, the need for homogeneous criteria in the evaluation of GID, and the adequate classification of FS in children with ASD.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童中常见食物选择性（FS），其对营养水平的影响是已知的。然而，与 ASD 儿童肠道微生物群改变相关的胃肠道疾病（GID）的病因仍不清楚。本文对过去 15 年有关 FS 的文献进行了叙述性综述，并探讨了其与 ASD 儿童 GID 的关系。ASD 中的感官回避导致食物消除，这是基于一致性、偏好和其他感官问题。调节肠道微生物群的食物组（如水果和蔬菜）以及某些谷物的纤维受到限制，会引发肠道菌群失调，肠杆菌科、沙门氏菌/志贺氏菌和梭状芽胞杆菌 XIVa 的丰度增加，这与异常的免疫反应和肠道渗漏一起，可能引发 GID。观察到 FS 可能是先前 GID 的产物。GID 可以为 FS 和 GID 之间的双向关系提供假设的依据。强调需要更多具有方法学严谨性的研究来选择 ASD 儿童，需要在 GID 评估中使用同质标准，以及对 ASD 儿童的 FS 进行适当分类。
