School of Computer Science, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, UK.
School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, UK.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Jun 30;22(13):4974. doi: 10.3390/s22134974.
Current methods of measuring heart rate (HR) and oxygen levels (SPO2) require physical contact, are individualised, and for accurate oxygen levels may also require a blood test. No-touch or non-invasive technologies are not currently commercially available for use in healthcare settings. To date, there has been no assessment of a system that measures HR and SPO2 using commercial off-the-shelf camera technology that utilises R, G, B, and IR data. Moreover, no formal remote photoplethysmography studies have been performed in real-life scenarios with participants at home with different demographic characteristics. This novel study addresses all these objectives by developing, optimising, and evaluating a system that measures the HR and SPO2 of 40 participants. HR and SPO2 are determined by measuring the frequencies from different wavelength band regions using FFT and radiometric measurements after pre-processing face regions of interest (forehead, lips, and cheeks) from colour, IR, and depth data. Detrending, interpolating, hamming, and normalising the signal with FastICA produced the lowest RMSE of 7.8 for HR with the r-correlation value of 0.85 and RMSE 2.3 for SPO2. This novel system could be used in several critical care settings, including in care homes and in hospitals and prompt clinical intervention as required.
目前测量心率 (HR) 和血氧水平 (SPO2) 的方法需要物理接触，是个体化的，并且为了获得准确的血氧水平，可能还需要进行血液测试。目前，在医疗保健环境中，还没有非接触式或非侵入式技术可用于商业用途。迄今为止，还没有使用利用 R、G、B 和 IR 数据的商用现成摄像头技术来评估测量 HR 和 SPO2 的系统的评估。此外，在现实场景中，没有针对在家中具有不同人口统计学特征的参与者进行正式的远程光电容积描记术研究。这项新的研究通过开发、优化和评估一个系统来解决所有这些目标，该系统可以测量 40 名参与者的 HR 和 SPO2。通过使用 FFT 测量不同波长带区域的频率，并在预处理来自颜色、IR 和深度数据的感兴趣的面部区域（额头、嘴唇和脸颊）后进行辐射测量，来确定 HR 和 SPO2。使用 FastICA 对信号进行去趋势、插值、汉明和归一化，得出 HR 的 RMSE 最低为 7.8，r 相关系数为 0.85，SPO2 的 RMSE 为 2.3。这种新系统可以在几个关键护理环境中使用，包括养老院和医院，并根据需要进行临床干预。
