IUF-Leibniz Institute for Environmental Medicine at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Small. 2022 Aug;18(31):e2201680. doi: 10.1002/smll.202201680. Epub 2022 Jul 10.
Nanoplastic particles (NPs) can be produced or derived from the degradation of several daily used products and can therefore be found in the air, water, and food. Every day, these microscopic particles are confronted by different routes of exposure. Recent investigations have shown the internalization of these particles, differing in size and modification, in vivo in aquatic organisms and terrestrial organisms, as well as in vitro in different human cell lines. During the last years, the number of studies investigating the effects of NPs using widely different model systems and experimental approaches is exponentially growing, thus providing information about NPs, especially about polystyrene particle toxicity on health. To facilitate the grasping of the most relevant information, an overview is provided on the toxic effects of NPs coming from studies in cellular systems and in vivo in model organisms and on aspects which can be of particular relevance for particle toxicity (e.g., particle internalization mechanisms and structural modifications). Major achievements and gaps in the field as well as the point of view on how more systematic studies and exploitation of in vivo model organisms may improve the knowledge on important aspects of NPs are also pointed out.
纳米塑料颗粒 (NPs) 可由多种日常用品降解产生或衍生而来，因此存在于空气、水和食物中。这些微观颗粒每天都会通过不同的暴露途径接触到。最近的研究表明，这些颗粒在水生生物和陆地生物的体内，以及不同的人类细胞系的体外，都能被内化，其大小和修饰方式各不相同。在过去几年中，使用广泛不同的模型系统和实验方法研究 NPs 影响的研究数量呈指数级增长，从而提供了有关 NPs 的信息，特别是有关聚苯乙烯颗粒对健康的毒性。为了便于掌握最相关的信息，本文提供了来自细胞系统和模式生物体内的 NPs 毒性的研究概述，以及对颗粒毒性可能特别重要的方面的概述（例如，颗粒内化机制和结构修饰）。本文还指出了该领域的主要成就和差距，以及如何通过更系统的研究和利用体内模型生物来提高对 NPs 重要方面的认识的观点。
