Antibiofilm properties of flower anthocyanin-rich fraction towards .

In Asia, flowers are commonly used as a traditional medicinal herb and as a food colourant. Their bioactive compounds have anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-biofilm activities. is one of the major pathogens that cause biofilm-associated infections resulting in an increase in antimicrobial resistance. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate if the anti-biofilm properties of the anthocyanin-rich fraction of flowers were effective against . The effect of the anthocyanin-rich fraction of flowers on biofilms formed on a polystyrene surface was determined using the crystal violet assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The anthocyanin-rich fraction reduced biofilm formation by four strains with a minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration value ranging between 0.625 and 5.0 mg ml. We further show that the biofilm-inhibiting activity of flowers is not due to the flavonols but is instead attributed to the anthocyanins, which had significant biofilm inhibitory activity (64.0±1.1 %) at 24 h in a time-response study. The anthocyanin-rich fraction also significantly reduced bacterial attachment on the polystyrene by 1.1 log c.f.u. cm surface based on SEM analysis. Hence, anthocyanins from flowers have potential as an agent to decrease the risk of biofilm-associated infections.