Tu Tingting, Huan Shuangyan, Ke Guoliang, Zhang Xiaobing
State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 P. R. China.
Chem Res Chin Univ. 2022 Jul 5:1-7. doi: 10.1007/s40242-022-2186-7.
Functional nucleic acids(FNAs) refer to a type of oligonucleotides with functions over the traditional genetic roles of nucleic acids, which have been widely applied in screening, sensing and imaging fields. However, the potential application of FNAs in biomedical field is still restricted by the unsatisfactory stability, biocompatibility, biodistribution and immunity of natural nucleic acids(DNA/RNA). Xeno nucleic acids(XNAs) are a kind of nucleic acid analogues with chemically modified sugar groups that possess improved biological properties, including improved biological stability, increased binding affinity, reduced immune responses, and enhanced cell penetration or tissue specificity. In the last two decades, scientists have made great progress in the research of functional xeno nucleic acids, which makes it an emerging attractive biomedical application material. In this review, we summarized the design of functional xeno nucleic acids and their applications in the biomedical field.
功能性核酸（FNAs）是指一类具有超越核酸传统遗传作用功能的寡核苷酸，已广泛应用于筛选、传感和成像领域。然而，FNAs在生物医学领域的潜在应用仍受到天然核酸（DNA/RNA）稳定性、生物相容性、生物分布和免疫性不尽人意的限制。异源核酸（XNAs）是一类具有化学修饰糖基的核酸类似物，具有改善的生物学特性，包括提高的生物稳定性、增加的结合亲和力、降低的免疫反应以及增强的细胞穿透性或组织特异性。在过去二十年中，科学家们在功能性异源核酸的研究方面取得了巨大进展，这使其成为一种新兴的有吸引力的生物医学应用材料。在本综述中，我们总结了功能性异源核酸的设计及其在生物医学领域的应用。
