Eating Disorder Research Unit. Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), 30107, Murcia, Spain.
Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Clin Nutr. 2022 Aug;41(8):1770-1780. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.06.033. Epub 2022 Jun 29.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Individuals with food addiction (FA) may experience addictive behaviours like those observed in other substances of abuse, which may affect their dietary intake habits. In fact, previous studies have reported associations between FA and dietary patterns, but this evidence has not been quantitatively summarised before. Therefore, this study aimed to explore differences in dietary intakes among adults with vs without food addiction.
A systematic-review and meta-analysis was conducted. Interventional or observational studies evaluating dietary intakes associated with FA that used the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) were explored. PubMed, WoS and SCOPUS databases were searched up to September 2021, and selected articles were confirmed manually. Potentially eligible studies were checked independently by two researchers. YFAS and dietary habits were obtained from the studies selected by the search protocol. Standardized mean differences were retrieved and random effects meta-analyses were used for those studies reporting quantitative data.
From 162 potentially appropriate studies, 16 studies were finally included, all of which used cross-sectional designs. FA was generally related to higher intakes of total fat, proteins, sugar, and processed/energy-dense foods. The meta-analysis revealed that this association was only statistically significant in overweighted/obese individuals (P < 0.001 in all cases), while in those studies that included the general population (all weight categories), this association was not evident (p = 0.18).
Being addicted to food was not associated with a higher energy intake in the general population. However, among those with overweight or obesity, FA was associated with higher energy and nutrient consumption. This provides evidence on the influence of addictive behaviours on dietary intake patterns of people with excess body weight and reinforces the concept of food addiction and its influence in the development of obesity.
PROSPERO registration number CRD42020212866.
食物成瘾（FA）个体可能表现出与其他滥用物质相似的成瘾行为，这可能会影响他们的饮食摄入习惯。事实上，先前的研究报告了 FA 与饮食模式之间的关联，但这些证据尚未进行定量总结。因此，本研究旨在探讨有和无食物成瘾的成年人之间饮食摄入的差异。
进行了系统评价和荟萃分析。探索了使用耶鲁食物成瘾量表（YFAS）评估与 FA 相关的饮食摄入的干预或观察性研究。检索了 PubMed、WoS 和 SCOPUS 数据库，截至 2021 年 9 月，并手动确认了选定的文章。两名研究人员独立检查了潜在的合格研究。从搜索协议中选择的研究中获取 YFAS 和饮食习惯。检索了标准化均数差，并对报告定量数据的研究使用了随机效应荟萃分析。
从 162 篇潜在合适的研究中，最终纳入了 16 项研究，这些研究均采用横断面设计。FA 通常与总脂肪、蛋白质、糖和加工/高能量食物的摄入量较高有关。荟萃分析显示，这种关联仅在超重/肥胖个体中具有统计学意义（所有情况下 P<0.001），而在包括一般人群（所有体重类别）的研究中，这种关联并不明显（p=0.18）。
在一般人群中，食物成瘾与更高的能量摄入无关。然而，在超重或肥胖人群中，FA 与更高的能量和营养素消耗有关。这为成瘾行为对超重人群饮食摄入模式的影响提供了证据，并强化了食物成瘾及其对肥胖发展影响的概念。
PROSPERO 注册号 CRD42020212866。
