Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Environ Res. 2022 Nov;214(Pt 2):113869. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113869. Epub 2022 Jul 9.
Traditional cooking with solid fuels (biomass, animal dung, charcoals, coal) creates household air pollution that leads to millions of premature deaths and disability worldwide each year. Exposure to household air pollution is highest in low- and middle-income countries. Using data from a stepped-wedge randomized controlled trial of a cookstove intervention among 230 households in Honduras, we analyzed the impact of household and personal variables on repeated 24-h measurements of fine particulate matter (PM) and black carbon (BC) exposure. Six measurements were collected approximately six-months apart over the course of the three-year study. Multivariable mixed models explained 37% of variation in personal PM exposure and 49% of variation in kitchen PM concentrations. Additionally, multivariable models explained 37% and 47% of variation in personal and kitchen BC concentrations, respectively. Stove type, season, presence of electricity, primary stove location, kitchen enclosure type, stove use time, and presence of kerosene for lighting were all associated with differences in geometric mean exposures. Stove type explained the most variability of the included variables. In future studies of household air pollution, tracking the cooking behaviors and daily activities of participants, including outdoor exposures, may explain exposure variation beyond the household and personal variables considered here.
传统的固体燃料烹饪（生物质、动物粪便、木炭、煤）会造成家庭空气污染，导致全球每年数百万人过早死亡和残疾。家庭空气污染在中低收入国家最为严重。本研究使用洪都拉斯 230 户家庭参与的一种炉灶干预措施的阶梯式随机对照试验的数据，分析了家庭和个人变量对反复 24 小时测量细颗粒物（PM）和黑碳（BC）暴露的影响。在三年的研究过程中，大约每六个月收集六次测量值。多变量混合模型解释了个人 PM 暴露的 37%和厨房 PM 浓度的 49%的变异。此外，多变量模型分别解释了个人和厨房 BC 浓度的 37%和 47%的变异。炉型、季节、是否有电、主炉位置、厨房封闭类型、炉具使用时间以及煤油照明的存在，都与几何平均暴露量的差异有关。炉型解释了所考虑变量中最多的可变性。在未来的家庭空气污染研究中，跟踪参与者的烹饪行为和日常活动，包括室外暴露，可能会解释超出这里所考虑的家庭和个人变量的暴露变化。
