Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil.
Embrapa Soja, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Londrina, Brazil.
Pest Manag Sci. 2022 Nov;78(11):4544-4556. doi: 10.1002/ps.7074. Epub 2022 Jul 25.
The egg-parasitoid wasp Telenomus podisi has received attention as a biological-control agent for one of the most important soybean pests in Brazil, the stink bug Euschistus heros. As yet, no studies have conclusively established strategies for the release of T. podisi. We developed a computational model using cellular automata in the C programming language to investigate release strategies for T. podisi in soybean crops, in order to optimize the use of these wasps in managing E. heros, assuming a two-dimensional grid of cells corresponding to a soybean field.
The release strategies capable of maintaining an E. heros population below the Economic Threshold level involved releasing a total of at least 15 000 female parasitoids per hectare, in three or four releases of 5000 or more (equivalent to approximately 7142 or more male and female parasitoids per hectare, assuming a sex ratio of 0.70). A 25-m spacing between release points or strips was indicated. The model is very sensitive to the variation in the number of parasitoids per release and in the number of releases, but little sensitive to the release mode and spacing values.
The theoretical results produced by the computational model are expected to guide future field studies to improve T. podisi release plans for managing E. heros in soybeans. Therefore, we recommend the release strategy of three to four releases of 5000 or more female parasitoids per hectare, at points or strips spaced 25 m apart, to be tested in field experiments for proper implementation by producers. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
长尾啮小蜂作为巴西最重要的大豆害虫之一——南美斑潜蝇的生物防治剂而备受关注。迄今为止，尚未有研究明确确定长尾啮小蜂的释放策略。我们使用 C 编程语言中的元胞自动机开发了一个计算模型，以研究在大豆作物中释放长尾啮小蜂的策略，从而优化这些小蜂在管理南美斑潜蝇中的利用，假设二维网格单元对应于一个大豆田。
能够将南美斑潜蝇种群维持在经济阈值以下的释放策略包括每公顷总共释放至少 15000 只雌性寄生蜂，分三到四次释放 5000 只或更多（相当于每公顷大约 7142 只或更多的雄性和雌性寄生蜂，假设雌雄比为 0.70）。建议释放点或条带之间的间距为 25 米。该模型对每次释放的寄生蜂数量和释放次数的变化非常敏感，但对释放模式和间距值的变化不太敏感。
计算模型产生的理论结果有望指导未来的田间研究，以改进长尾啮小蜂释放计划，用于管理大豆中的南美斑潜蝇。因此，我们建议采用每公顷分三到四次释放 5000 只或更多雌性寄生蜂的释放策略，释放点或条带间隔 25 米，以便在田间试验中进行适当的实施。 © 2022 化学工业学会。
