Parra Letícia Martins, Carvalho José Romário de, Hoback William Wyatt, Oliveira Regiane Cristina de
Crop Protection Department, School of Agronomic Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (FCA/UNESP), Botucatu 18610034, SP, Brazil.
Department of Natural Sciences, State Secretary of Education of Espírito Santo, Guaçui 29560000, ES, Brazil.
Insects. 2023 May 3;14(5):435. doi: 10.3390/insects14050435.
The parasitoid Ashmead, 1893 is used in biological control programs in Brazil against eggs of (Fabricius, 1798), a key pest of soybean, (L.) Merr. To optimize the mass production of parasitoids, artificial diets and storage of host eggs at low temperatures have been developed; however, direct comparisons of the effects of these conditions have not occurred. We assessed a double factorial arrangement composed of six treatments (fresh or cryopreserved eggs from adults fed on natural or two artificial diets). We evaluated the biological characteristics and parasitism capacity of produced from these treatments across seven temperatures. The thermal range between 21 and 30 °C resulted in satisfactory daily parasitism in all treatments tested, with an inverse relationship between temperature and female survival. The best parasitoid biological parameters were found between 21 and 27 °C, where all tested diets supported development, with the best results from artificial diets. Fresh eggs and those frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -196 °C until use supported parasitoid development. These results suggest that the best method to mass rear is to use artificial diets to rear and store eggs until needed, and then rear parasitoids at 24 °C.
1893年的寄生蜂阿什米德（Ashmead）在巴西的生物防治项目中被用于防治大豆主要害虫豆荚螟（Etiella zinckenella (Fabricius, 1798)）的卵，豆荚螟以大豆（Glycine max (L.) Merr.）为食。为了优化寄生蜂的大规模生产，已开发出人工饲料和低温保存寄主卵的方法；然而，尚未对这些条件的效果进行直接比较。我们评估了一种双因素安排，包括六种处理（以天然饲料或两种人工饲料喂养的成虫所产的新鲜或冷冻保存的卵）。我们在七个温度下评估了由这些处理产生的寄生蜂的生物学特性和寄生能力。在21至30°C的温度范围内，所有测试处理的每日寄生率都令人满意，温度与雌蜂存活率呈反比关系。在21至27°C之间发现了最佳的寄生蜂生物学参数，所有测试饲料都能支持寄生蜂的发育，人工饲料的效果最佳。新鲜卵以及液氮冷冻并在-196°C下保存直至使用的卵都能支持寄生蜂的发育。这些结果表明，大规模饲养寄生蜂的最佳方法是使用人工饲料饲养寄主并储存卵直至需要时，然后在24°C下饲养寄生蜂。
