Rodriguez-Arias Juan José, García-Álvarez Ana
Cardiology Department, Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Madrid, Spain.
Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Front Aging. 2021 Oct 4;2:727558. doi: 10.3389/fragi.2021.727558. eCollection 2021.
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) includes multiple diseases that share as common characteristic an elevated pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular involvement. Sex differences are observed in practically all causes of PH. The most studied type is pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) which presents a gender bias regarding its prevalence, prognosis, and response to treatment. Although this disease is more frequent in women, once affected they present a better prognosis compared to men. Even if estrogens seem to be the key to understand these differences, animal models have shown contradictory results leading to the birth of the estrogen paradox. In this review we will summarize the evidence regarding sex differences in experimental animal models and, very specially, in patients suffering from PAH or PH from other etiologies.
肺动脉高压（PH）包括多种疾病，这些疾病的共同特征是肺动脉压力升高和右心室受累。几乎在所有PH病因中都观察到了性别差异。研究最多的类型是肺动脉高压（PAH），它在患病率、预后和治疗反应方面存在性别偏见。虽然这种疾病在女性中更常见，但一旦患病，与男性相比，她们的预后更好。尽管雌激素似乎是理解这些差异的关键，但动物模型显示出相互矛盾的结果，导致了雌激素悖论的产生。在这篇综述中，我们将总结关于实验动物模型中，特别是患有PAH或其他病因引起的PH的患者中性别差异的证据。
