Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France.
Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2022 Oct;20(5):334-343. doi: 10.1007/s11914-022-00737-8. Epub 2022 Jul 13.
The periosteum, the outer layer of bone, is a major source of skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs) for bone repair. Here, we discuss recent findings on the characterization, role, and regulation of periosteal SSPCs (pSSPCs) during bone regeneration.
Several markers have been described for pSSPCs but lack tissue specificity. In vivo lineage tracing and transcriptomic analyses have improved our understanding of pSSPC functions during bone regeneration. Bone injury activates pSSPCs that migrate, proliferate, and have the unique potential to form both bone and cartilage. The injury response of pSSPCs is controlled by many signaling pathways including BMP, FGF, Notch, and Wnt, their metabolic state, and their interactions with the blood clot, nerve fibers, blood vessels, and macrophages in the fracture environment. Periosteal SSPCs are essential for bone regeneration. Despite recent advances, further studies are required to elucidate pSSPC heterogeneity and plasticity that make them a central component of the fracture healing process and a prime target for clinical applications.
骨外膜是骨骼干/祖细胞（SSPCs）的主要来源，可用于骨修复。本文讨论了骨再生过程中外膜 SSPCs（pSSPCs）的特征、作用和调控的最新发现。
已有多种标志物被用于鉴定 pSSPCs，但缺乏组织特异性。体内谱系追踪和转录组分析提高了我们对 pSSPCs 在骨再生过程中的功能的理解。骨损伤激活了 pSSPCs，使其迁移、增殖，并具有独特的形成骨和软骨的潜力。pSSPCs 的损伤反应受多种信号通路的调控，包括 BMP、FGF、Notch 和 Wnt，它们的代谢状态以及它们与骨折环境中的血凝块、神经纤维、血管和巨噬细胞的相互作用。外膜 SSPCs 是骨再生所必需的。尽管最近取得了进展，但仍需要进一步的研究来阐明 pSSPCs 的异质性和可塑性，这使它们成为骨折愈合过程的核心组成部分，也是临床应用的主要靶点。
