Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark.
Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, JB Winsløwsvej 19, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2023 Oct;32(10):2049-2056. doi: 10.1007/s00787-022-02034-2. Epub 2022 Jul 13.
The objective of the study was to compare the use of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication among children and adolescents in Scandinavia 2010-2020. Using aggregated prescription data for individuals aged 5-19 years, we calculated annual prevalence proportions of ADHD medication (users/1000 inhabitants) for each country, overall and stratified by age and sex. Overall, use of ADHD medication increased during 2010-2020 in all countries. The increase was pronounced in Sweden reaching 35 users/1000 inhabitants in 2020 (119% increase), whereas it reached 22/1000 in Denmark and Norway (equivalent to a 38% and 16% increase, respectively). Methylphenidate was the most frequently used drug and Sweden had the highest use reaching 25/1000 in 2020 compared to 16/1000 and 18/1000 in Denmark and Norway, respectively. Lisdexamfetamine use increased steadily and was also highest in Sweden (13/1000 in 2020). In 2020, atomoxetine use was higher in Sweden (4.6/1000) and Denmark (4.5/1000) compared to Norway (2.2/1000). From 2015, use of guanfacine increased in Sweden reaching 4.4/1000 in 2020 but remained low in Denmark (0.4/1000) and Norway (0.7/1000). Use of dexamphetamine was low (ranging from 0.47 to 0.75/1000 in 2020) in the three countries. ADHD medication use was highest in Sweden across all age groups. In all countries, the prevalence was higher in males compared to females. In conclusion, use of ADHD medication among children and adolescents in Scandinavia is increasing. The prevalence of use is higher in Sweden for all drug groups compared to Norway and Denmark.
本研究的目的是比较 2010-2020 年斯堪的纳维亚儿童和青少年使用注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）药物的情况。我们使用个体 5-19 岁的综合处方数据，计算了每个国家的 ADHD 药物（使用者/每 1000 名居民）的年度流行率，总体上和按年龄和性别分层。总的来说，2010-2020 年期间，所有国家的 ADHD 药物使用率都有所上升。在瑞典，这一增长尤为明显，2020 年达到 35 名使用者/每 1000 名居民（增长 119%），而丹麦和挪威分别达到 22/1000 和 18/1000（分别相当于增长 38%和 16%）。哌醋甲酯是最常用的药物，瑞典的使用率最高，2020 年达到 25/1000，而丹麦和挪威分别为 16/1000 和 18/1000。右苯丙胺的使用率稳步上升，在瑞典也最高（2020 年为 13/1000）。2020 年，瑞典（4.6/1000）和丹麦（4.5/1000）的托莫西汀使用率高于挪威（2.2/1000）。自 2015 年以来，瑞典的胍法辛使用率上升，2020 年达到 4.4/1000，但丹麦（0.4/1000）和挪威（0.7/1000）仍较低。2020 年，这三个国家的右旋苯丙胺使用率都较低（范围为 0.47 至 0.75/1000）。瑞典在所有年龄组中 ADHD 药物使用率最高。在所有国家，男性的使用率均高于女性。结论：斯堪的纳维亚儿童和青少年中 ADHD 药物的使用正在增加。与挪威和丹麦相比，所有药物组在瑞典的使用率都更高。
