Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland.
Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland.
Environ Res. 2022 Nov;214(Pt 2):113825. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113825. Epub 2022 Jul 11.
Poultry breeding takes place in intensive, high-production systems characterized by high animal density, which is a source of harmful emission of odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and greenhouse gases, which in turn sustain animal welfare. This study identified and examined the characteristics of chemical compounds emitted in intensive poultry farming (laying hens, broilers) and their toxicity, which led to recommending methods of deodorization. Emphasis was placed on the law relative to air purification in poultry farms. Various methods of air treatment in poultry farms have been described: the modification of animal diet to improve nutrient retention and decrease the amount of their excrement; chemical oxidation technologies (ozonation, photocatalysis, Fenton reaction); various types/brands of biofilters, bioscrubbers and membrane reactors. Numerous studies show that biofilters can reduce ammonia emissions by 51%, hydrogen sulfide by 80%, odors by 67%, while scrubbers brings down ammonia emissions by 77% and odors by 42%, and the application of UV light lowers ammonia emissions by 28%, hydrogen sulfide by 55%, odors by 69% and VOCs by 52%. The paper presents both the solutions currently used in poultry farming and those which are currently in the research and development phase and, as innovative solutions, could be implemented in the near future.
家禽养殖发生在密集、高产量的系统中，其特点是动物密度高，这是恶臭挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）、氨（NH3）、硫化氢（H2S）和温室气体有害排放的源头，而这些气体反过来又会影响动物福利。本研究确定并检查了密集型家禽养殖（蛋鸡、肉鸡）中排放的化学化合物的特性及其毒性，这导致推荐了除臭方法。本研究强调了与家禽养殖场空气净化相关的法律。描述了家禽养殖场中各种空气处理方法：改变动物饮食以提高营养物质的保留率并减少其粪便量；化学氧化技术（臭氧氧化、光催化、芬顿反应）；各种类型/品牌的生物过滤器、生物洗涤器和膜反应器。许多研究表明，生物过滤器可以将氨气排放量减少 51%，硫化氢减少 80%，气味减少 67%，而洗涤器可将氨气排放量减少 77%，气味减少 42%，紫外线的应用可将氨气排放量减少 28%，硫化氢减少 55%，气味减少 69%，VOCs 减少 52%。本文介绍了目前在家禽养殖中使用的解决方案以及目前处于研究和开发阶段的解决方案，并将其作为创新解决方案，可以在不久的将来实施。
