Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
Office of Surgeon Scientists Programs, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
Surgery. 2022 Sep;172(3):890-896. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2022.04.053. Epub 2022 Jul 11.
Much has been written about the under-representation of women in academic medicine. However, no study has comprehensively described the gender-based trends of National Institutes of Health funding across surgical specialties; this study provides such an overview.
We queried a previously created database to identify both male and female National Institutes of Health-funded surgeons. Surgical specialties and subspecialties were determined based upon formal training. Total grant costs and average costs per R01 and K grant were calculated and compared. Bivariate χ analyses were performed using population totals.
In 2020, the specialties with the highest proportion of National Institutes of Health-funded female surgeon-scientists were obstetrics and gynecology (57%) and vascular surgery (40%). The general surgery subspecialties with the highest proportion of women were breast (85%), endocrine (58%), and colorectal surgery (40%). An analysis of total grant costs in 2020 revealed that in most specialties, the proportion of funding held by women was substantially less than the proportion of women investigators. In obstetrics and gynecology, women comprised 57% of surgeons, but held only 46% of the funding. Similarly, in breast surgery, women comprised 85% of surgeons, but held only 45% of the funding. Women and men had similar changes in the average total cost per R01 and K grant awarded from 2010 to 2020. In 2020, women were awarded less than men per R01 grant in general, otolaryngology, plastic and reconstructive, urology, and vascular surgery.
Although female surgeon-scientists have made significant advances in some surgical specialties, they continue to lag in others. An in-depth analysis of the factors contributing to these trends is necessary to achieve gender parity across all academic surgical specialties.
关于女性在学术医学领域代表性不足的问题已经有很多论述。然而，尚无研究全面描述美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）资助在外科各专业中的性别趋势；本研究提供了这样一个概述。
我们查询了之前创建的数据库，以确定获得 NIH 资助的男性和女性外科医生。根据正式培训确定外科专业和亚专业。计算并比较了总赠款成本以及每项 R01 和 K 赠款的平均成本。使用人口总数进行了双变量 χ 分析。
2020 年，获得 NIH 资助的女性外科医生-科学家比例最高的专业是妇产科（57%）和血管外科（40%）。女性比例最高的普通外科亚专业是乳房（85%）、内分泌（58%）和结直肠外科（40%）。2020 年总赠款成本分析显示，在大多数专业中，女性获得的资金比例远低于女性研究员的比例。在妇产科，女性占外科医生的 57%，但仅占资金的 46%。同样，在乳房外科，女性占外科医生的 85%，但仅占资金的 45%。从 2010 年到 2020 年，女性和男性获得的每项 R01 和 K 赠款的平均总成本都有类似的变化。2020 年，女性获得的 R01 赠款少于男性，分别在普通外科、耳鼻喉科、整形外科、泌尿科和血管外科。
尽管女性外科医生科学家在一些外科专业中取得了重大进展，但在其他专业中仍处于落后地位。有必要对导致这些趋势的因素进行深入分析，以实现所有学术外科专业的性别均等。
