美国国立卫生研究院对学术外科肿瘤学家的研究资助：我们是谁，我们的立场在哪里？
National Institutes of Health Research Funding to Academic Surgical Oncologists: Who Are We and Where Do We Stand?
机构信息
Michael and Marian Ilitch Department of Surgery, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, North Florida Regional Medical Center, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
出版信息
Ann Surg Oncol. 2021 Aug;28(8):4195-4202. doi: 10.1245/s10434-020-09495-2. Epub 2021 Jan 11.
BACKGROUND
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary public funding source for surgical research in the United States. Surgical oncology is a highly academic career, but NIH funding for surgical oncologists (SOs) is not well characterized.
METHODS
The NIH RePORTER (Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results) was queried to identify R01-and-equivalents grants awarded to departments of surgery (DoS) between 2008 and 2018. Surgical oncologists were considered to be those who completed a Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO)-accredited fellowship (breast or complex surgical oncology).
RESULTS
Of 1101 projects, 510 (46.3%) were led by practicing surgeons. Among these, general surgeons accounted for most grants (31%), followed by SOs (20.8%). Women represented 211 (24.1%) of the grantees. However, SOs had a higher proportion of female investigators than other surgeons (30.0% vs. 16.1%; P = 0.001). The SO grantees had fewer years of experience (YoE) (12 years; interquartile range [IQR], 8.75 vs. 13 years; IQR, 13 years; P = 0.003), lower senior status (≥ 24 YoE), fewer investigators (4.0% vs. 18.9%; P < 0.001), and fewer PhD holders (30.8% vs. 65.5%; P < 0.001) than the overall cohort. Projects led by SOs accounted for 1121 publications (14.1%), with a higher proportion of high-impact articles (26.3% vs. 9.7%; P < 0.001), and were more likely to hold a registered patent (odds ratio [OR], 3.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-8.74; P = 0.016).
CONCLUSION
Among surgical subspecialties, SSO-accredited surgeons accounted for the largest share of the NIH grants. The SO grantees were younger in their career and had higher-impact scholarly productivity. A smaller proportion of female SOs received NIH grants than males, but this gender disparity was less significant among SOs than among other surgical specialties. Fellowship programs should continue to stimulate groundbreaking research by integrating grant-writing training and mentorship.
背景
美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）是美国外科研究的主要公共资助来源。外科肿瘤学是一个高度学术化的职业，但 NIH 对外科肿瘤学家（SO）的资助情况并不清楚。
方法
使用 NIH RePORTER（Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results）查询 2008 年至 2018 年期间授予外科系（DoS）的 R01 及等同资助项目。完成外科肿瘤学会（SSO）认可的奖学金（乳腺或复杂外科肿瘤学）的外科医生被认为是外科肿瘤学家。
结果
在 1101 个项目中，510 个（46.3%）由执业外科医生领导。其中，普通外科医生占大多数（31%），其次是 SO（20.8%）。女性占 211 名（24.1%）受赠者。然而，SO 的女性研究人员比例高于其他外科医生（30.0% vs. 16.1%；P=0.001）。SO 受赠者的从业年限（YoE）较少（12 年；四分位距 [IQR]，8.75 年；IQR，13 年；P=0.003），高级别（≥24 YoE）较少，研究人员较少（4.0% vs. 18.9%；P<0.001），博士学位持有者较少（30.8% vs. 65.5%；P<0.001），整体情况不如所有队列。SO 领导的项目占 1121 篇论文（14.1%），高影响力文章比例较高（26.3% vs. 9.7%；P<0.001），且更有可能拥有注册专利（比值比 [OR]，3.30；95%置信区间 [CI]，1.24-8.74；P=0.016）。
结论
在外科亚专业中，SSO 认可的外科医生占 NIH 资助的最大份额。SO 受赠者的职业生涯较为年轻，学术成果影响力较大。获得 NIH 资助的女性 SO 比例低于男性，但这一性别差距在 SO 中比在其他外科专业中要小。奖学金项目应继续通过整合资助写作培训和指导来激发开创性研究。
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