Lin Xinru, Li Na, Tang Hongli
Department of Anesthesiology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2022 Jun 28;16:885190. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2022.885190. eCollection 2022.
Stroke is a major public health issue, corresponding to the second cause of mortality and the first cause of severe disability. Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke, accounting for 87% of all strokes, where early detection and clinical intervention are well known to decrease its morbidity and mortality. However, the diagnosis of ischemic stroke has been limited to the late stages, and its therapeutic window is too narrow to provide rational and effective treatment. In addition, clinical thrombolytics suffer from a short half-life, inactivation, allergic reactions, and non-specific tissue targeting. Another problem is the limited ability of current neuroprotective agents to promote recovery of the ischemic brain tissue after stroke, which contributes to the progressive and irreversible nature of ischemic stroke and also the severity of the outcome. Fortunately, because of biomaterials' inherent biochemical and biophysical properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, renewability, nontoxicity, long blood circulation time, and targeting ability. Utilization of them has been pursued as an innovative and promising strategy to tackle these challenges. In this review, special emphasis will be placed on the recent advances in the study of nanomaterials for the diagnosis and therapy of ischemic stroke. Meanwhile, nanomaterials provide much promise for neural tissue salvage and regeneration in brain ischemia, which is also highlighted.
中风是一个重大的公共卫生问题，是第二大致死原因和严重残疾的首要原因。缺血性中风是最常见的中风类型，占所有中风的87%，众所周知，早期检测和临床干预可降低其发病率和死亡率。然而，缺血性中风的诊断一直局限于晚期，其治疗窗口过窄，无法提供合理有效的治疗。此外，临床溶栓药物存在半衰期短、失活、过敏反应和非特异性组织靶向等问题。另一个问题是，目前的神经保护剂促进中风后缺血脑组织恢复的能力有限，这导致了缺血性中风的进行性和不可逆性以及严重的后果。幸运的是，由于生物材料具有固有的生化和生物物理特性，包括生物相容性、生物可降解性、可再生性、无毒性、长血液循环时间和靶向能力。利用它们已成为应对这些挑战的一种创新且有前景的策略。在这篇综述中，将特别强调纳米材料用于缺血性中风诊断和治疗研究的最新进展。同时，纳米材料在脑缺血中为神经组织挽救和再生提供了很大希望，这一点也将得到突出强调。
