Toader Corneliu, Dumitru Adrian Vasile, Eva Lucian, Serban Matei, Covache-Busuioc Razvan-Adrian, Ciurea Alexandru Vlad
Department of Neurosurgery, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 077160 Bucharest, Romania.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Dec 11;25(24):13302. doi: 10.3390/ijms252413302.
This review aims to address the significant challenges of treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, strokes, spinal cord injuries, and brain tumors. These disorders are difficult to manage due to the complexity of disease mechanisms and the protective blood-brain barrier (BBB), which restricts drug delivery. Recent advancements in nanoparticle (NP) technologies offer promising solutions, with potential applications in drug delivery, neuroprotection, and neuroregeneration. By examining current research, we explore how NPs can cross the BBB, deliver medications directly to targeted CNS regions, and enhance both diagnostics and treatment. Key NP strategies, such as passive targeting, receptor-mediated transport, and stimuli-responsive systems, demonstrate encouraging results. Studies show that NPs may improve drug delivery, minimize side effects, and increase therapeutic effectiveness in models of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, stroke, and glioblastoma. NP technologies thus represent a promising approach for CNS disorder management, combining drug delivery and diagnostic capabilities to enable more precise and effective treatments that could significantly benefit patient outcomes.
本综述旨在应对治疗中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病（如神经退行性疾病、中风、脊髓损伤和脑肿瘤）所面临的重大挑战。由于疾病机制的复杂性以及限制药物递送的保护性血脑屏障（BBB），这些疾病难以管理。纳米颗粒（NP）技术的最新进展提供了有前景的解决方案，在药物递送、神经保护和神经再生方面具有潜在应用。通过审视当前的研究，我们探索纳米颗粒如何能够穿过血脑屏障，将药物直接递送至中枢神经系统的靶向区域，并增强诊断和治疗效果。关键的纳米颗粒策略，如被动靶向、受体介导的转运和刺激响应系统，已显示出令人鼓舞的结果。研究表明，在阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、中风和胶质母细胞瘤模型中，纳米颗粒可以改善药物递送、将副作用降至最低并提高治疗效果。因此，纳米颗粒技术代表了一种有前景的中枢神经系统疾病管理方法，它结合了药物递送和诊断能力，能够实现更精确、有效的治疗，从而显著改善患者的治疗结果。
