Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia.
Adv Virus Res. 2022;112:115-173. doi: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.04.001. Epub 2022 May 20.
Rabies infects all mammals; however, transmission cycles are only maintained in certain bat and carnivore species. The high incidence of rabies in Greater Kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) observed in Namibia for over 40 years has led to postulation that independent virus transmission is occurring within this antelope population. We have analysed extensive experimental, epidemiological, phylogeographic and deep sequence data, which collectively refute maintenance of an independent rabies cycle in kudu. As rabies in kudu continues to have a negative impact on the Namibian agricultural sector, measures to protect kudu have been investigated, including the use of a third-generation oral rabies vaccine. Initial results show protection of kudu from rabies infection via the oral route, with an appropriate bait design, different application schedules and vaccination doses further enhancing the immune response. Rabies in kudu is a complex interplay at the wildlife-livestock interface and requires a concerted approach to successfully control.
狂犬病感染所有哺乳动物；然而，传播周期仅在某些蝙蝠和食肉物种中维持。纳米比亚 40 多年来大角斑羚（Tragelaphus strepsiceros）中狂犬病的高发病率导致人们推测在这种羚羊种群中正在发生独立的病毒传播。我们分析了广泛的实验、流行病学、系统地理学和深度测序数据，这些数据共同驳斥了在大角斑羚中维持独立狂犬病周期的说法。由于大角斑羚的狂犬病继续对纳米比亚农业部门产生负面影响，已研究了保护大角斑羚的措施，包括使用第三代口服狂犬病疫苗。初步结果表明，通过口服途径、使用适当的诱饵设计、不同的应用时间表和接种剂量，可以保护大角斑羚免受狂犬病感染，进一步增强免疫反应。大角斑羚中的狂犬病是野生动物-牲畜界面的复杂相互作用，需要采取协调一致的方法才能成功控制。
