School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ontario, Canada.
J Affect Disord. 2022 Oct 15;315:70-95. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.011. Epub 2022 Jul 14.
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted mental health, but the global evolution of mental health problems during the pandemic is unknown. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies to evaluate the global evolution of mental health problems during the pandemic.
To conduct this systematic review, we searched for published articles from APA PsycInfo (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Embase (Ovid), MEDLINE (Ovid), and Web of Science. Longitudinal (at least 2 waves during the COVID-19 pandemic) and peer-reviewed articles on mental health problems conducted as from 2020 and after were included in the current study. Of 394 eligible full texts, 64 articles were included in the analysis. We computed random effects, standardized mean differences, and log odds ratio (LOR) with 95 % CIs. The meta-analysis protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021273624).
Results showed that anxiety (LOR = -0.33; 95 % CI, -0.54, -0.12) and depression symptoms (LOR = -0.12; 95 % CI, -0.21, -0.04) decreased from baseline to follow up. However, other mental health problems showed no change. Higher prevalence rates (40.9 %; 95 % CI, 16.1 %-65.8 %) of psychological distress were found in months after July 2020, respectively, while there were no significant month differences for the prevalence of other mental health problems. Higher means of anxiety (d = 3.63, 95 % CI, 1.66, 5.61), depression (d = 3.93; 95 % CI, 1.68, 6.17), and loneliness (d = 5.96; 95 % CI, 3.22, 8.70) were observed in May 2020. Higher prevalence of anxiety, depression, and PTSD and higher means of anxiety, depression and loneliness were observed in North America. The prevalence of psychological distress and insomnia was higher in Latin America and Europe, respectively.
There is a lack of longitudinal studies in some parts of the world, such as Africa, the Caribbean, India, the Middle East, in Latin America, and Asia.
Results indicated that anxiety and depression symptoms decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic while other mental health problems showed no statistical change. The findings reveal that mental health problems peaked in April and May 2020. Prevalence of mental health problems remains high during the pandemic and mental health prevention, promotion and intervention programs should be implemented to mitigate the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global population.
COVID-19 大流行对心理健康产生了影响，但大流行期间全球心理健康问题的演变情况尚不清楚。我们进行了一项系统评价和荟萃分析，以评估大流行期间心理健康问题的全球演变。
为了进行这项系统评价，我们在 APA PsycInfo（Ovid）、CINAHL（EBSCOhost）、Embase（Ovid）、MEDLINE（Ovid）和 Web of Science 中搜索了已发表的文章。本研究纳入了 2020 年及以后进行的至少有 2 个波次的纵向（在 COVID-19 大流行期间）和同行评议的心理健康问题研究。在 394 篇符合条件的全文中，有 64 篇文章纳入了分析。我们计算了随机效应、标准化均数差值和对数优势比（LOR）及其 95%置信区间。该荟萃分析方案已在 PROSPERO（CRD42021273624）上注册。
结果显示，焦虑（LOR=-0.33；95%CI，-0.54，-0.12）和抑郁症状（LOR=-0.12；95%CI，-0.21，-0.04）从基线到随访时均有所下降。然而，其他心理健康问题则没有变化。2020 年 7 月后，分别有 40.9%（95%CI，16.1%-65.8%）的人出现较高的心理困扰发生率，而其他心理健康问题的发生率则没有显著的月份差异。2020 年 5 月，焦虑（d=3.63，95%CI，1.66，5.61）、抑郁（d=3.93；95%CI，1.68，6.17）和孤独（d=5.96；95%CI，3.22，8.70）的平均得分较高。在北美地区，焦虑、抑郁和 PTSD 的发生率较高，以及焦虑、抑郁和孤独的平均得分较高。在拉丁美洲和欧洲，焦虑、抑郁和失眠的发生率较高。
在世界上的一些地区，如非洲、加勒比地区、印度、中东、拉丁美洲和亚洲，缺乏纵向研究。
结果表明，COVID-19 大流行期间焦虑和抑郁症状有所减轻，而其他心理健康问题则没有统计学上的变化。研究结果显示，心理健康问题在 2020 年 4 月和 5 月达到高峰。大流行期间，心理健康问题的发生率仍然很高，应实施心理健康预防、促进和干预计划，以减轻 COVID-19 大流行对全球人口的影响。
