Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
Faculty of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8644, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2022 Jul 16;12(1):12184. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-16438-2.
A range of self-report questionnaires were developed to quantify one's risk-taking (RT) tendency. Exploring people's perceived risk level associated with negative risk behaviors is essential to develop a better understanding and intervention policies for RT. In the present study, we proposed a 2 × 10-item scale, namely, the general risk-taking questionnaire (GRTQ), to evaluate RT tendency and risk attitude among the general population by measuring people's engagement in and perceptions toward 10 commonly known risky behaviors. A total of 2984 adults residing in 10 prefectures in Japan (age range = 20-59, 53.12% female) provided valid responses to an online survey. Apart from the factor analysis procedures, multivariate negative binomial regression models have been applied to investigate the relationship between RT engagement and perception. We obtained two identical factors, namely, personal risk and relational risk, for both scales of the GRTQ. Increased levels of RT engagement were found in younger, male, nonmarried, nonparent and urban respondents. Despite an overall negative correlation between RT engagement and perception, our model revealed a weaker linkage in the younger population for relational risk behaviors. Overall, we showed evidence that the GRTQ is an easy-to-administer, valid and reliable measure of RT for future clinical research.
一系列的自我报告问卷被开发出来，以量化一个人的冒险倾向。探索人们对与负面风险行为相关的感知风险水平，对于更好地理解和制定冒险倾向干预政策至关重要。在本研究中，我们提出了一个 2×10 项的量表，即一般冒险倾向问卷（GRTQ），通过测量人们对 10 种常见危险行为的参与度和看法，评估一般人群的冒险倾向和风险态度。共有 2984 名成年人居住在日本的 10 个县（年龄范围为 20-59 岁，53.12%为女性），对在线调查做出了有效回答。除了进行因子分析程序外，我们还应用了多元负二项回归模型来研究冒险倾向参与度和感知之间的关系。我们在 GRTQ 的两个量表中都获得了两个相同的因素，即个人风险和关系风险。年轻、男性、未婚、无子女和城市居民的冒险倾向参与度更高。尽管冒险倾向参与度和感知之间存在总体上的负相关，但我们的模型显示，在年轻人群中，关系风险行为的关联较弱。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，GRTQ 是一种易于管理、有效且可靠的未来临床研究中衡量冒险倾向的工具。
