School of Transportation and Logistics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
School of Transportation and Logistics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
Accid Anal Prev. 2016 Oct;95(Pt B):417-424. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.09.009. Epub 2015 Oct 1.
This paper aimed to examine pedestrians' self-reported violating crossing behavior intentions by applying the theory of planned behavior (TPB). We studied the behavior intentions regarding instrumental attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, the three basic components of TPB, and extended the theory by adding new factors including descriptive norm, perceived risk and conformity tendency to evaluate their respective impacts on pedestrians' behavior intentions. A questionnaire presented with a scenario that pedestrians crossed the road violating the pedestrian lights at an intersection was designed, and the survey was conducted in Dalian, China. Based on the 260 complete and valid responses, reliability and validity of the data for each question was evaluated. The data were then analyzed by using the structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that people had a negative attitude toward the behavior of violating road-crossing rules; they perceived social influences from their family and friends; and they believed that this kind of risky behavior would potentially harm them in a traffic accident. The results also showed that instrumental attitude and subjective norm were significant in the basic TPB model. After adding descriptive norm, subjective norm was no more significant. Other models showed that conformity tendency was a strong predictor, indicating that the presence of other pedestrians would influence behavioral intention. The findings could help to design more effective interventions and safety campaigns, such as changing people's attitude toward this violation behavior, correcting the social norms, increasing their safety awareness, etc. in order to reduce pedestrians' road crossing violations.
本文旨在应用计划行为理论（TPB）研究行人自我报告的违反交叉行为意图。我们研究了工具态度、主观规范、感知行为控制的行为意图，TPB 的三个基本组成部分，并通过增加描述性规范、感知风险和从众倾向等新因素来扩展理论，以评估它们对行人行为意图的各自影响。设计了一个问卷，提出了一个行人在路口违反行人信号灯过马路的情景，在中国大连进行了调查。基于 260 份完整有效的回复，评估了每个问题的数据的可靠性和有效性。然后使用结构方程模型（SEM）对数据进行了分析。结果表明，人们对违反交通规则的行为持消极态度；他们感受到来自家人和朋友的社会影响；并且他们认为这种危险行为在交通事故中可能会对他们造成伤害。结果还表明，工具态度和主观规范在基本 TPB 模型中是显著的。加入描述性规范后，主观规范不再显著。其他模型表明，从众倾向是一个强有力的预测因素，表明其他行人的存在会影响行为意图。研究结果有助于设计更有效的干预和安全宣传活动，例如改变人们对这种违规行为的态度，纠正社会规范，提高他们的安全意识等，以减少行人的道路违规行为。
