Ang Chin Siang, Lee Kai Wei, Ho Meng Chuan, Voon Siok Ping, Ching Siew Mooi, Tan Chai Eng, Hoo Fan Kee, Ooi Pei Boon
School of Psychology, TMC Academy, Singapore.
Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
Malays J Med Sci. 2022 Jun;29(3):122-132. doi: 10.21315/mjms2022.29.3.12. Epub 2022 Jun 28.
Malaysians are disillusioned with the increased number of COVID-19 infection cases and the prolonged lockdown period. As a result of COVID-19 mitigation measurements, Malaysians are experiencing emotional and psychological consequences such as anxiety. Thus, there is an urgent need to have an instrument that could serve as a tool to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 among Malaysians rapidly.
This study aimed to adapt and validate the Malay version of the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale (M-CAS) among Malaysian adults. The back-to-back translation was done to produce a M-CAS. Following face validation, M-CAS was self-administered to 225 participants from Malaysia via an online survey. The participants also completed the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale (GAD-7), World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale, Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). Data analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and Analysis of a Moment Structures. The psychometric properties of the M-CAS were examined via Cronbach alpha and confirmatory factor analysis. M-CAS scores were compared with the other tools to provide external validity.
The statistical analysis revealed that the M-CAS demonstrated adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.890) and presented with a unidimensional factor structure. M-CAS scores were strongly correlated with GAD-7 ( = 0.511, < 0.001) and FCV-19S ( = 0.652, < 0.001). Lack of correlation between M-CAS and WHOQOL-BREF showed that M-CAS scores did not reflect perceived quality of life.
The M-CAS is a valid and reliable tool in the Malay language that can be self-administered among Malaysians to assess anxiety levels induced by COVID-19. The M-CAS has only 7 items and utilised little time in real-life clinical practice.
马来西亚人对新冠病毒感染病例数量的增加以及长期的封锁期感到失望。由于新冠疫情缓解措施，马来西亚人正经历焦虑等情绪和心理方面的后果。因此，迫切需要一种能够作为快速评估新冠病毒对马来西亚人心理影响工具的仪器。
本研究旨在对马来西亚成年人中的新冠病毒焦虑量表（M-CAS）马来语版本进行改编和验证。采用背对背翻译法制作M-CAS。在进行表面效度验证后，通过在线调查让225名马来西亚参与者自行填写M-CAS。参与者还完成了广泛性焦虑障碍7项量表（GAD-7）、世界卫生组织生活质量量表简版（WHOQOL-BREF）以及对新冠病毒的恐惧量表（FCV-19S）。使用社会科学统计软件包和矩结构分析进行数据分析。通过克朗巴哈系数和验证性因子分析来检验M-CAS的心理测量特性。将M-CAS得分与其他工具进行比较以提供外部效度。
统计分析表明，M-CAS具有足够的内部一致性（克朗巴哈系数=0.890），并呈现出单维因子结构。M-CAS得分与GAD-7（=0.511，<0.001）和FCV-19S（=0.652，<0.001）高度相关。M-CAS与WHOQOL-BREF之间缺乏相关性表明M-CAS得分并未反映出感知到的生活质量。
M-CAS是一种有效的马来语可靠工具，可由马来西亚人自行填写以评估新冠病毒引发的焦虑水平。M-CAS仅包含7个项目，在实际临床实践中用时很少。
