Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
Free Radic Res. 2022 May-Jun;56(5-6):343-357. doi: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2102976. Epub 2022 Jul 26.
Tattoo inks are comprised of different combinations of bioactive chemicals with combined biological effects that are insufficiently explored. Tattoos have been associated with oxidative stress; however, a recent N-of-1 study suggested that blue tattoos may be associated with suppressed local skin oxidative stress. The present study aimed to explore the attributes of the blue tattoo ink (BTI) that may explain its possible effects on redox homeostasis, namely the catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mimetic properties that have been reported for copper(II) phthalocyanine (CuPC)-the main BTI constituent. Intenze™ Persian blue (PB) BTI has been used in the experiment. CAT and SOD-mimetic properties of PB and its pigment-enriched fractions were analyzed using the carbonato-cobaltate (III) formation-derived HO dissociation and 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene autoxidation rate assays utilizing simple buffers and biochemical matrix of normal skin tissue as chemical reaction environments. CuPC-based tattoo ink PB and both its blue and white pigment-enriched fractions demonstrate CAT and SOD-mimetic properties with effect sizes demonstrating a substantial dependence on the biochemical environment. PB constituents act as inhibitors of CAT but potentiate its activity in the biochemical matrix of the skin. CuPC-based BTI can mimic antioxidant enzymes, however chemical constituents other than CuPC (e.g. the photoreactive TiO) seem to be at least partially responsible for the BTI redox-modulating properties.
纹身墨水由具有组合生物学效应的不同组合的生物活性化学物质组成，这些效应尚未得到充分探索。纹身与氧化应激有关；然而，最近的一项 N-of-1 研究表明，蓝色纹身可能与局部皮肤氧化应激抑制有关。本研究旨在探讨蓝色纹身墨水 (BTI) 的特性，这些特性可能解释其对氧化还原稳态的可能影响，即已报道的铜(II)酞菁 (CuPC) 主要 BTI 成分的过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 模拟特性。实验中使用了 Intenze™波斯蓝 (PB) BTI。利用简单的缓冲液和正常皮肤组织的生化基质，通过碳酸盐-钴酸盐 (III) 形成衍生的 HO 解离和 1,2,3-三羟基苯自氧化速率测定法，分析了 PB 及其颜料富集部分的 CAT 和 SOD 模拟特性。基于 CuPC 的纹身墨水 PB 及其蓝色和白色颜料富集部分均表现出 CAT 和 SOD 模拟特性，其效应大小在很大程度上取决于生化环境。PB 成分作为 CAT 的抑制剂，但在皮肤的生化基质中增强其活性。基于 CuPC 的 BTI 可以模拟抗氧化酶，但除 CuPC 以外的化学物质（例如光反应性 TiO）似乎至少部分负责 BTI 的氧化还原调节特性。
