Morales Alejandro, de Boer Hugo J, Douma Jacob C, Elsen Saskia, Engels Sophie, Glimmerveen Tobias, Sajeev Nikita, Huber Martina, Luimes Mathijs, Luitjens Emma, Raatjes Kevin, Hsieh Chenyun, Teapal Juliane, Wildenbeest Tessa, Jiang Zhang, Pareek Ashwani, Singla-Pareek Sneh, Yin Xinyou, Evers Jochem, Anten Niels P R, van Zanten Martijn, Sasidharan Rashmi
Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, 6700AK Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, 3584CB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
AoB Plants. 2022 Jun 23;14(4):plac029. doi: 10.1093/aobpla/plac029. eCollection 2022 Aug.
Plant responses to abiotic stresses are complex and dynamic, and involve changes in different traits, either as the direct consequence of the stress, or as an active acclimatory response. Abiotic stresses frequently occur simultaneously or in succession, rather than in isolation. Despite this, most studies have focused on a single stress and single or few plant traits. To address this gap, our study comprehensively and categorically quantified the individual and combined effects of three major abiotic stresses associated with climate change (flooding, progressive drought and high temperature) on 12 phenotypic traits related to morphology, development, growth and fitness, at different developmental stages in four accessions. Combined sublethal stresses were applied either simultaneously (high temperature and drought) or sequentially (flooding followed by drought). In total, we analysed the phenotypic responses of 1782 individuals across these stresses and different developmental stages. Overall, abiotic stresses and their combinations resulted in distinct patterns of effects across the traits analysed, with both quantitative and qualitative differences across accessions. Stress combinations had additive effects on some traits, whereas clear positive and negative interactions were observed for other traits: 9 out of 12 traits for high temperature and drought, 6 out of 12 traits for post-submergence and drought showed significant interactions. In many cases where the stresses interacted, the strength of interactions varied across accessions. Hence, our results indicated a general pattern of response in most phenotypic traits to the different stresses and stress combinations, but it also indicated a natural genetic variation in the strength of these responses. This includes novel results regarding the lack of a response to drought after submergence and a decoupling between leaf number and flowering time after submergence. Overall, our study provides a rich characterization of trait responses of plants to sublethal abiotic stresses at the phenotypic level and can serve as starting point for further in-depth physiological research and plant modelling efforts.
植物对非生物胁迫的反应是复杂且动态的，涉及不同性状的变化，这些变化既可以是胁迫的直接后果，也可以是一种主动的适应性反应。非生物胁迫常常同时或相继发生，而非单独出现。尽管如此，大多数研究都集中在单一胁迫以及单一或少数植物性状上。为了填补这一空白，我们的研究全面且分类地量化了与气候变化相关的三种主要非生物胁迫（洪水、渐进性干旱和高温）对四个种质不同发育阶段与形态、发育、生长和适合度相关的12个表型性状的单独和综合影响。施加了组合的亚致死胁迫，要么同时施加（高温和干旱），要么相继施加（洪水后接干旱）。我们总共分析了1782个个体在这些胁迫和不同发育阶段的表型反应。总体而言，非生物胁迫及其组合在分析的性状上产生了不同的影响模式，不同种质之间存在数量和质量上的差异。胁迫组合对某些性状有累加效应，而对其他性状则观察到明显的正相互作用和负相互作用：高温和干旱组合下12个性状中有9个、淹水后接干旱组合下12个性状中有6个表现出显著的相互作用。在许多胁迫相互作用的情况下，相互作用的强度因种质而异。因此，我们的结果表明大多数表型性状对不同胁迫和胁迫组合的一般反应模式，但也表明这些反应强度存在自然遗传变异。这包括关于淹水后对干旱无反应以及淹水后叶片数量与开花时间解耦的新结果。总体而言，我们的研究在表型水平上对植物对亚致死非生物胁迫的性状反应进行了丰富的表征，可作为进一步深入生理研究和植物建模工作的起点。
