Praat Myrthe, Jiang Zhang, Earle Joe, Smeekens Sjef, van Zanten Martijn
Plant Stress Resilience, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584CH, The Netherlands.
Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584CH, The Netherlands.
Plant Methods. 2024 Jul 29;20(1):114. doi: 10.1186/s13007-024-01230-2.
Plants must cope with ever-changing temperature conditions in their environment. In many plant species, suboptimal high and low temperatures can induce adaptive mechanisms that allow optimal performance. Thermomorphogenesis is the acclimation to high ambient temperature, whereas cold acclimation refers to the acquisition of cold tolerance following a period of low temperatures. The molecular mechanisms underlying thermomorphogenesis and cold acclimation are increasingly well understood but neither signalling components that have an apparent role in acclimation to both cold and warmth, nor factors determining dose-responsiveness, are currently well defined. This can be explained in part by practical limitations, as applying temperature gradients requires the use of multiple growth conditions simultaneously, usually unavailable in research laboratories. Here we demonstrate that commercially available thermal gradient tables can be used to grow and assess plants over a defined and adjustable steep temperature gradient within one experiment. We describe technical and thermodynamic aspects and provide considerations for plant growth and treatment. We show that plants display the expected morphological, physiological, developmental and molecular responses that are typically associated with high temperature and cold acclimation. This includes temperature dose-response effects on seed germination, hypocotyl elongation, leaf development, hyponasty, rosette growth, temperature marker gene expression, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, ion leakage and hydrogen peroxide levels. In conclusion, thermal gradient table systems enable standardized and predictable environments to study plant responses to varying temperature regimes and can be swiftly implemented in research on temperature signalling and response.
植物必须应对其环境中不断变化的温度条件。在许多植物物种中，次优的高温和低温会诱导适应性机制，以实现最佳性能。热形态建成是对高环境温度的适应，而冷驯化是指在一段低温期后获得耐寒性。热形态建成和冷驯化背后的分子机制越来越为人所知，但目前对于在冷暖和适应过程中都具有明显作用的信号成分以及决定剂量反应性的因素，都还没有明确的定义。这在一定程度上可以用实际限制来解释，因为应用温度梯度需要同时使用多种生长条件，而这在研究实验室中通常是无法实现的。在这里，我们证明了市售的热梯度表可用于在一个实验中，在定义明确且可调节的陡峭温度梯度下种植和评估植物。我们描述了技术和热力学方面的内容，并提供了植物生长和处理的注意事项。我们表明，植物表现出了通常与高温和冷驯化相关的预期形态、生理、发育和分子反应。这包括温度对种子萌发、下胚轴伸长、叶片发育、偏上性、莲座状生长、温度标记基因表达、气孔导度、叶绿素含量、离子渗漏和过氧化氢水平的剂量反应效应。总之，热梯度表系统能够提供标准化和可预测的环境，以研究植物对不同温度 regime 的反应，并且可以迅速应用于温度信号传导和反应的研究中。
