Udo Tomoko, Grilo Carlos M
Department of Health Policy, Management and Behavior.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, New York.
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2022 Nov 1;35(6):372-378. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000814. Epub 2022 Jul 18.
Public policy efforts for prevention of and intervention upon eating disorders is severely limited in the United States due to the paucity of population-based data. This review article summarizes findings regarding eating disorders based on the National Epidemiological Studies on Alcohol and Related Conditions, Third Wave. The studies reviewed provide the most recent epidemiological indicators of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder (BED) in the United States and demonstrate the utility of population-based data for validating the generalizability of findings from clinical samples.
Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and BED are widely distributed across sociodemographic characteristics, with substantially elevated risks for a variety of serious psychiatric, medical, and functional impairments, including heighted suicidality over the lifespan. Sexual minorities and individuals with adverse childhood experiences may be particularly vulnerable. Yet, many adults with eating disorders do not seek help, particularly professional help. National Epidemiological Studies on Alcohol and Related Conditions, Third Wave studies also validated some important clinical observations (e.g., overvaluation of shape/weight and physical inactivity in BED, more severe anorexia nervosa with onset prior to 14 years old).
More rigorous population-based studies are needed to further advocate for appropriate resources and policies for eating disorders in the United States.
由于缺乏基于人群的数据，美国在预防饮食失调和进行干预的公共政策方面受到严重限制。这篇综述文章总结了基于第三次全国酒精及相关疾病流行病学研究得出的关于饮食失调的研究结果。所综述的研究提供了美国神经性厌食症、神经性贪食症和暴饮暴食症（BED）的最新流行病学指标，并证明了基于人群的数据在验证临床样本研究结果的普遍性方面的作用。
神经性厌食症、神经性贪食症和暴饮暴食症在社会人口学特征中广泛分布，伴随着多种严重精神、医学和功能障碍的风险大幅升高，包括一生中自杀倾向加剧。性少数群体和有不良童年经历的个体可能特别容易受到影响。然而，许多患有饮食失调症的成年人并不寻求帮助，尤其是专业帮助。第三次全国酒精及相关疾病流行病学研究还验证了一些重要的临床观察结果（例如，暴饮暴食症中对体型/体重的过度重视和身体活动不足，14岁之前发病的神经性厌食症更为严重）。
需要更严格的基于人群的研究，以进一步倡导为美国的饮食失调症争取适当的资源和政策。
