Strube M J, Boland S M, Manfredo P A, Al-Falaij A
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1987 May;52(5):956-74. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.52.5.956.
The self-appraisal model proposes that Type A behavior reflects active attempts to generate diagnostic information about abilities, particularly in situations that evoke high uncertainty. In Study 1, subjects were provided feedback indicating high or low uncertainty about underlying abilities in two domains. When subjects were more uncertain of their ability in one domain than in the other, Jenkins-Activity-Survey-defined Type As (but not Type Bs) subsequently constructed tests that were biased to assess the more uncertain domain. Study 2 examined postfailure performance. The model holds that Type As perform poorly because they suspend information gathering when faced with evidence that requisite abilities are absent. Results indicated that deficits emerged only if Type As believed that a second task assessed the same abilities as the initial task on which they failed. A final study examined social comparison among Type As and Bs. Results indicated that Type As engaged in social comparison to obtain diagnostic information, primarily when they were uncertain of their ability levels.
自我评估模型提出，A型行为反映了个体积极尝试获取有关自身能力的诊断信息，尤其是在引发高度不确定性的情境中。在研究1中，受试者得到了关于两个领域潜在能力高低不确定性的反馈。当受试者在一个领域比另一个领域对自己的能力更不确定时，由詹金斯活动调查定义的A型（而非B型）受试者随后构建了偏向于评估更不确定领域的测试。研究2考察了失败后的表现。该模型认为，A型个体表现不佳是因为当面对缺乏必要能力的证据时，他们会停止信息收集。结果表明，只有当A型个体认为第二项任务评估的能力与他们失败的初始任务相同，才会出现表现缺陷。最后一项研究考察了A型和B型个体之间的社会比较。结果表明，A型个体进行社会比较以获取诊断信息，主要是在他们不确定自己的能力水平时。
