Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Center for Research of Extremism, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
PLoS One. 2022 Jul 20;17(7):e0270225. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270225. eCollection 2022.
Previous work has often disregarded the psychological heterogeneity of violent extremists. This research aimed to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the psychological diversity of violent extremists. Based on qualitative work, we developed and validated the Extremist Archetypes Scale, identifying five distinct archetype dimensions: "adventurer," "fellow traveler," "leader," "drifter" and "misfit." Study 1 identified five dimensions among White majority members (N = 307), four of which were related to extremist violent intentions and which dissociated in terms of sociopolitical ideologies and intergroup attitudes. Preregistered Study 2 (N = 308) confirmed the scale's five-factor solution in another sample of White majority members, replicated relationships with violent intentions, and demonstrated the dimensions' distinct personality correlates. As in Study 1, the archetype dimensions had positive associations with extremist violent intentions and tapped onto different psychological profiles in terms of major personality traits. Study 3 (N = 317) replicated these results in a sample of Muslim minority members. Measurement equivalence was established across gender, age, political orientation, and ethnicity (majority and minority).
先前的研究往往忽视了暴力极端分子的心理异质性。本研究旨在更细致地了解暴力极端分子的心理多样性。基于定性研究，我们开发并验证了极端主义原型量表，确定了五个不同的原型维度：“冒险家”、“同行者”、“领导者”、“流浪者”和“不合群者”。研究 1 在白人多数群体（N=307）中确定了五个维度，其中四个与极端暴力意图有关，并在社会政治意识形态和群体间态度方面有所区分。预先注册的研究 2（N=308）在另一个白人多数群体样本中验证了量表的五因素解决方案，复制了与暴力意图的关系，并展示了维度的独特人格相关性。与研究 1 一样，原型维度与极端暴力意图呈正相关，并在主要人格特质方面反映出不同的心理特征。研究 3（N=317）在穆斯林少数群体样本中复制了这些结果。在性别、年龄、政治取向和种族（多数和少数）方面建立了测量等效性。
